USMLE - Goljan, Chapter 3 Immunopathology
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name the two types of immunity | Innate and Acquired
🗑
|
||||
| Name cells of the innate immunity | phagocytes (neutrophils, macrophages), NK cells
🗑
|
||||
| Name cells of acquired immunity | B and T cells (antigen-dependent)
🗑
|
||||
| If a newborn already has IgM at birth, what should you suspect? | Congenital infection because normally, IgM synthesis only begins at birth
🗑
|
||||
| When does IgG synthesis begin? | 2 months old; IgG presence at birth is usually mom's IgG
🗑
|
||||
| MHC complex | proteins that display self and non-self antigens to T cells
🗑
|
||||
| MHC class 1 | bind to CD8 T cells
🗑
|
||||
| MHC class 2 | bind to CD4 helper T cells
🗑
|
||||
| HLA genes | subset of genes in the MHC region (on chromosome 6)
🗑
|
||||
| HLA A, B, C | Belong to MHC class I group; present on all cells except RBCs; recognized by CD8 T cells and NK cells
🗑
|
||||
| HLA DP, DQ, DR | belongs to MHC class II group; present on all antigen-presenting cells (B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells); recognized by CD4 helper T cells
🗑
|
||||
| HLA-B27 | ankylosing spondylitis
🗑
|
||||
| HLA-DR2 | MS
🗑
|
||||
| HLA-DR3 and DR4 | Type 1 DM
🗑
|
||||
| Name 3 functions of CD4 T cells | secrete IL-2 --> proliferation of CD4/CD8 T cells; secrete gamma-interferon --> activate macrophages; help B cells become antibody-producing plasma cells
🗑
|
||||
| What do CD8 T cells do? | kill virus-infected, tumor (neoplastic), or foreign cells (donor)
🗑
|
||||
| Do APC's interact with CD4 or CD8 cells? | CD4 T cells
🗑
|
||||
| What type of cells do NK cells attack? | Virus-infected or tumor (neoplastic)
🗑
|
||||
| What are dendritic cells? | APC's found in skin
🗑
|
||||
| What Ig is involved in Type I hypersensitivity? | IgE --> activation of mast cells
🗑
|
||||
| Atopic disorders -- what type of hypersensitivity rxn? | Type 1
🗑
|
||||
| Hay fever -- what type of hypersensitivity rxn? | Type 1
🗑
|
||||
| Eczema -- what type of hypersensitivity rxn? | Type 1
🗑
|
||||
| Hives -- what type of hypersensitivity rxn? | Type 1
🗑
|
||||
| Asthma -- what type of hypersensitivity rxn? | Type 1
🗑
|
||||
| anaphylaxis -- what type of hypersensitivity rxn? | Type 1
🗑
|
||||
| Drug allergy to penicillin -- what type of hypersensitivity rxn? | Type 1
🗑
|
||||
| Mnemonic for Type 1 Hypersensitivity Rxns | ANAPHYLAXIS Annie's ASTHMA FLAREs when her FOOD contains HAY. FLARE = wheal/flare (insect stings, allergy testing); FOOD = food allergies; HAY = hayfever
🗑
|
||||
| Mnemonic for Type 2 Hypersensitivity Rxns | The BULLdog E.F. ARF the II HAd GOOD TaPas, while DuM MaG-Gie PAssed on them.
🗑
|
||||
| Name the complement-dependent diseases associated with Type 2 Hypersensitivity reactions | Complement Dependent: BULL=Bullous pemphigoid; E.F.=Erythroblastosis Fetalis; ARF=Acute Rheumatic Fever; II=type 2; HA=hemolytic anemia; GOOD=Goodpasteur's Syndrome; TP=thrombocytopenic purpura (autoimmune).
🗑
|
||||
| Name the complement-independent diseases associated with Type 2 Hypersensitivity reactions | Complement-independent: DM=Diabetes Mellitus; MG=Myasthenia Gravis; G=Graves; PA=Pernicious Anemia.
🗑
|
||||
| Type II Hypersensitivity Rxns | Antibody-dependent
🗑
|
||||
| ABO mismatch -- what type of hypersensitivity rxn? | Type II - antibody dependent, complement-dependent, by lysis (MAC)
🗑
|
||||
| Hyperacute transplantation rejection -- what type of hypersensitivity rxn? | Type II - antibody dependent, complement dependent, by lysis (MAC)
🗑
|
||||
| Goodpasteur's Syndrome -- what type of hypersensitivity rxn? | Type II - antibody dependent, complement dependent, by lysis (MAC)
🗑
|
||||
| Warm IgG autoimmune hemolytic anemia -- what type of hypersensitivity rxn? | Type II - antibody dependent, complement dependent, by phagocytosis (macrophages)
🗑
|
||||
| ABO and Rh disease of the newborn -- what type of hypersensitivity rxns? | Type II - antibody dependent, complement dependent, by phagocytosis (macrophages)
🗑
|
||||
| helminth destruction by eosinophils -- what type of hypersensitivity rxn? | Type II - antibody dependent, complement INdependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity
🗑
|
||||
| Type III Hypersensitivity Rxns | Immune complex-mediated diseases
🗑
|
||||
| Mnemonic for Type 3 Hypersensitivity Rxns | ARTHur was the 3rd PaGaN, RA in SLE with PNEUMONITIS in his PeNis!! ARTH=ArthusRxn; 3rd=Type III; PGN=Post-StrepGlomeruloNephritis; RA=RheumArthritis; SLE; Pneu=HypersensitivityPneumonitis; PN=PolyarteritisNodosum
🗑
|
||||
| Serum sickness -- what type of hypersensitivity rxn? | Type III - immune complex dependent
🗑
|
||||
| Type IV Hypersensitivity Rxns | T-cell mediated diseases
🗑
|
||||
| Mnemonic for Type 4 Hypersensitivity Rxns | Don't CONTACT Ms. GUILLIAN HASHIMOTO FOR NEURo TrouBles because she's GraVid. D=IDDM; CONTACT=ContactDermatitis; Guillian Barre; HashimotoThyroiditis; Neuritis; TB=tuberculosis; GV=Graft vs. Host Dz
🗑
|
||||
| What is delayed Type 4 Hypersensitivity? | CD4 T cell mediated; macrophage activation, cytokines released --> inflammation.
🗑
|
||||
| What is cell-mediated cytolysis Type 4 Hypersensitivity? | CD8 T cell cytolysis
🗑
|
||||
| IL-1 | Secreted by macrophages --> inflammatory mediators --> pyrogenic response
🗑
|
||||
| IL-2 | Secreted by helper (CD4) T cells --> both helper and cytotoxic T cells --> make more T cells!!
🗑
|
||||
| IL-3 | Secreted by helper (CD4) T cells --> stimulate bone marrow stem cells --> growth and differentiation of progenitors of all blood cells
🗑
|
||||
| IL-4 | Secreted by Th2 (subset of CD4's) cells 1. B cells --> IgE/IgG production, 2. differentiation of naïve CD4's into Th2's, 3. suppress gamma-interferon actions of macrophages
🗑
|
||||
| IL-5 | Secreted by Th2 (subset of CD4's) cells 1. B cells --> make IgA, 2. eosinophils --> activate to kill worms
🗑
|
||||
| IL-6 | Secreted by Th2 (subset of CD4's) cells AND macrophages --> acute phase reactants and Ig's by hepatocytes; --> stimulates growth of plasma cells (antibody-producing B cells)
🗑
|
||||
| IL-8 | Secreted at site of inflammation --> chemotasis of neutrophiles
🗑
|
||||
| IL-10 | Secreted by Th2 (subset of CD4's) cells AND activated macrophages --> 1. block Th1 and activated macrophages; 2. stimulate Th2
🗑
|
||||
| IL-12 | Secreted by B cells to activate NK cells; secreted by macrophages to activate Th1 (IFN-gamma release and phagocytic ingestion of microbes)
🗑
|
||||
| IFN-gamma | Secreted by Th1 (subset of CD4's) AND NK cells --> stimulate Th1's and macrophages, block Th2
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
christinapham
Popular USMLE sets