Chapter 7 Strengthening
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| Troponin | Specific protein located on the actin filaments. Calcium binds to it.
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| Tropomyosin | Thin strands of protein that are wrapped around the actin filaments.
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| Excitation Contraction Coupling | Process where Action potential depolarizes across the sarcolemma, down the t-tubules, causes the release of calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum onto sarcomeres. Calcium binds to to troponin and rotates tromyosin revealing actin active sites.
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| All or none principle | When the motor neuron receives a sufficient activation or stimulus, all of the muscle fibers in the unit will contract.
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| Slow-twitch muscle fibers | use oxygen and are more resistant to fatigue than fast twitch fibers
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| Fast twitch fibers | FO, FOG, use both oxygen and glycogen for energy
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| Muscular performance | refers too the muscle's ability to do work.
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| Work | Ability to move a force a given distance. W = F x D.
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| Muscular strength | a muscle's ability to generate force
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| Muscular endurance | the ability to perform repeated muscular activity against an external resistance over an extended period.
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| Power | Incorporates both strength and speed. P=(FxD)/Time or P=W/T
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| Isometric exercise | Muscle contracts producing tension, but does not change length. Early stages of rehabilitation.
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| Variations of Isometric exercise | Setting exercises, static isometric exercise, and multiangle isometric exercise
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| Valsalva maneuver | a rapid increase in patient's blood pressure due to holding breath
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| Concentric contraction | muscle shortening in length while generating enough force to overcome an external resistance.
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| Eccentric contraction | muscle lengthening to slow down a resistance that is greater than the muscle's force producing capacity
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| Muscle Hypertrophy | Increase in muscle mass
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| Muscle atrophy | Loss of muscle mass
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| Angle of muscle application | Application of force and the length of the lever arm being used affects the amount of force generated by a given muscle
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| Length-tension relationship | Muscle cannot generate maximal force production when it is either maximally lengthened or maximally shortened. Principle best applied on two joint muscles.
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| Chronological age | Negatively affects a muscle's ability to produce force. Max strength gains in the early to mid-twenties.
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| Overload principle | To increase a muscle's strength and performance, the muscle must be continually challenged to work at a higher level than it is accustomed.
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| Open chain kinetic movements | Proximal joints influence the distal joints position and function
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| Closed chain kinetic movements | proximal joint motions are influenced from the ground up
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| Progressive resistive exercise(PRE) | refers to continually overloading muscle as strength and endurance improve. PRE is essential to building strength, poer, and endurance by continually overloading the involved muscle.
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| SAID Principle | specific adaptations to improved demands
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| DeLorme-Watkins Protocol | 3x10 based on % of 10RM, increasing weight
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| Oxford Protocol | 3x10 % of 10RM, decreasing weight
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| Daily Adjusted Progressive Resistive Exercise (DAPRE) | Based on 5 of 6RM. Specific
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| Periodization | divide the competition year to ensure that the athlete will peak at the right time of year
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| PNF Strengthening | Exercises that enhance a neuromuscular response through the stimulation of proprioceptors. PNF require placing a resitance to a muscle where a response is desired.
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| PNF Patterns | D1 Flexion and Extension and D2 Flexion and extension. 3 planes of movement.
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