ME blood/lymph
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| what are the 8 main branches of the external carotid artery? | superior temporal, maxillary, posterior auricular, occipital, facial, lingual, ascending pharyngeal, superior thyroid
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| what are the branches of the lingual artery? | suprahyoid, sublingual, deep lingual, dorsal lingual
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| what does the suprahyoid branch supply? | the suprahyoid muscles
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| what does the sublingual branch supply? | floor of mouth & sublingual salivary gland
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| what does the deep lingual branch supply? | apex and body of tongue
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| what does the dorsal lingual branch supply? | base of tongue, tonsils, soft palate
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| what are the branches of the facial artery? | angular, lateral nasal, superior labial, inferior labial, submental, tonsilar, ascending palatine
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| what does the angular branch supply? | skin of nose and eyelids
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| what does the lateral nasal branch supply? | skin and muscles of nose
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| what does the superior labial branch supply? | upper lip
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| what does the inferior labial branch supply? | lower lip
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| what does the submental branch supply? | anterior belly of digastric, mylohyoid, both salivary glands
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| what does the tonsilar branch supply? | palatine tonsils
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| what does the ascending palatine branch supply? | soft palate and pharynx
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| what does the maxillary artery supply? | pulp, gingiva, hard palate
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| define meninges | connective tissue coverings that enclose the brain and spinal cord. also enclose major arteries to the brain and the VDS
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| define venous dural sinuses (VDS) | are specialized veins between the 2 layersofthe dura matter.
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| define emissary veins | connect extra-cranial veins with intra-cranial veins
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| what are the three layers of the meninges | dura matter (outermost), arachnoid membrane (middle), pia mater (innermost)
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| what are lymph capillaries? | blind-ended endothelial tubes which collect fluid from tissue spaces
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| what are lymph vessels? | larger and thicker than capillaries, have valves to ensure one way flow of lymph through the vessel. transports fluid from capillaries to ducts.
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| what are ducts? | two large channels which receive fluid from the lymph vessels and empty inot the venous circulation
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| what is lymph? | the tissue fluid collected in lymphatic channels
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| what are lymph nodes? | oval or bean-shaped, grouped in clusters along connecting vessels, composed of organized lymphoid tissue. contain lymphocytes.
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| what do lymph nodes do? | filter toxic products from lymph to prevent entry into the blood system
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| what are regional nodes? | recieves lymph from definite region, 1st site at which pathologic processes manifest if they spread from their primary location via lymph vessels
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| what are central nodes? | receive lymph from primary nodes. can be primary for another region.
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| define hematoma | bruise that results when a blood vessel is injured and blood escapes and clots in surrounding tissue
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| define hemorrhage | large amounts of blood that escape into surrounding tissue without clotting when a blood vessel is injured
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| define embolus | foreign material such as thrombus traveling in the blood that can block the vessel
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| what is lemphadenopathy | an increase in size and change in consistency of lymphoid tissue
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| what are the first 4 components of the lyphatic ring of waldeyer and their location | 1. palatine tonsils - between palatoglossel & palatopharyngeal arches
2. lingual tonsils - dorsal surface tongue at base
3. pharyngeal tonsils - in nasopharynx between auditory tubes
4. tubal tonsil - nasophar. posterior to openings of aud. tubes
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| what is the 5th component of the lymphatic ring of waldeyer and its location | 5. solitary lymph follicles - masses of lymph tissue sometimes on arches, pillars, pharyngeal mucosa
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| define mestastasis | spread of cancer from original site (primary toanother or secondary site. can spread into and through lymph nodes
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| what is the function of the lymph system? | return fluid from tissue spaces into venous blood supply. removes toxics from blood.
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| what is the major vein draining the oral cavity | lingual
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| what 2 major arteries supply the brain | internal and external carotid artery
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| what is the cavernous sinus | communicates by anastomoses with the contralateral sinus and the pterygoid plexus of veins.
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| why the cavernous sinus important to dental professionals | it can be involved in the spread of dental infection which can lead to fatal results
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| what are the drainage patterns of lymph nodes | lymph flows into node by afferent vessels, out by one efferent vessel. regional -> central
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| the post. sup. alv. artery and its branches supply the | max. post. teeth and periodontium
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| describe the pterygoid plexus | drains the max. and mand. dental tissue
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| the superficical temporal vein and max. vein merge to form the... | retromandiular vein
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| which artery arises from the inf. alv. artery before it enters the mand. canal | mylohyoid artery
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| which artery supplies the mucous membranes and the glands of the hard and soft palates? | great and less palatine ateries
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| what results when a clot dislodges and travels in a vessel | embolus
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| describe the max. artery | enters the pterygopalatine fossa and forms terminal branches
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| a venous sinus within th vascular system is a | blood filled tissue space between two tissue layers
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| what artery is a branch fromthe facial artery | superior labial
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| what is a smaller vessel that branches off an arteriole to supply blood directly to the tissue | capillary
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| the carotid pulse can be palpated by the EMS at the level of the ... | thyroid cartilage
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| the tongue is supplied mainly by the brach from the ... | external carotid artery
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| which artery is sometimes visible under the skin of the temporal region | superficial temporal
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| which artery anastomoses with the anterior sup. alv. artery | posterior sup. alv. artery
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| which results from blood excaping into surrounding tissue and clotting | hematoma
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| for the left side the common carotid and subclavian arteries arise directly from the .. | aorta
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| what is the larger terminal branch of the external carotid artery | maxillary artery
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| the brachiocephalic veins unite to form the ... | superior vena cava
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| what structure is contained in the carotid sheath? | internal jugular vein
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| what lymph nodes have both superficial and deep nodes | parotid nodes
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| which structure leaves each individual lymph node at the hilus | efferent lymphatic vessels
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| what lymph nodes are subdivisions of the facial lymph nodes | malar, buccal, nasolabial, mandibular
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| which component of the lymphatic system have one way valves | vessels
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| which nodes drain lymph from a local region before the lymph flows to a more distant region | primary
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| the buccal lymph nodes are located superficial to what | buccinator muscle
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| which lymph node extends from the base of the skull to the root of the neck | deep cervial nodes
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| where are the external jugular nodes located | alnog the external jugular vein
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| which area does the thoracic duct empty | junction of the left internal jugular and subclavian veins
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| which primary nodes drain the skin and mucous membrane of the lower face | submandibular nodes
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| what is the secondary nodes for occipital nodes | deep cervical nodes
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| what lymph nodes are considered parts of the superficial cervical lymph nodes | external & anterior jugular nodes
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| where are submental nodes located | between mand. symphasis and hyoid bone
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| which node is easily palpable when the palatine tonsils are inflamed | jugulodiastric node
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| what is the primary node for max 3rd molar if becomes infected | superior deep cervical nodes
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| a patient with breast cancer has involvement with the axillary noces, whih nodes in the neck area primaryily communicate with these nodes | inferior deep cervical nodes
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| what characterizes nodes involved in metastasis | bony hard
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| what is the last location for lymph before reentering systemic circulation | thoracic duct
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| enlargement of lymph nodes happens because? | white blood cells in node mult to fight an infection
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| what are prominent nodes that drain both the tongue and submental region | jugulo-omohyoid nodes
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| which tonsil (also called adenoids) can be normally enlarged in children | pharyngeal tonsil
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| which nodes drain the infrahyoid region of the neck | anterior jugular
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