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ME blood/lymph
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the 8 main branches of the external carotid artery? | superior temporal, maxillary, posterior auricular, occipital, facial, lingual, ascending pharyngeal, superior thyroid |
| what are the branches of the lingual artery? | suprahyoid, sublingual, deep lingual, dorsal lingual |
| what does the suprahyoid branch supply? | the suprahyoid muscles |
| what does the sublingual branch supply? | floor of mouth & sublingual salivary gland |
| what does the deep lingual branch supply? | apex and body of tongue |
| what does the dorsal lingual branch supply? | base of tongue, tonsils, soft palate |
| what are the branches of the facial artery? | angular, lateral nasal, superior labial, inferior labial, submental, tonsilar, ascending palatine |
| what does the angular branch supply? | skin of nose and eyelids |
| what does the lateral nasal branch supply? | skin and muscles of nose |
| what does the superior labial branch supply? | upper lip |
| what does the inferior labial branch supply? | lower lip |
| what does the submental branch supply? | anterior belly of digastric, mylohyoid, both salivary glands |
| what does the tonsilar branch supply? | palatine tonsils |
| what does the ascending palatine branch supply? | soft palate and pharynx |
| what does the maxillary artery supply? | pulp, gingiva, hard palate |
| define meninges | connective tissue coverings that enclose the brain and spinal cord. also enclose major arteries to the brain and the VDS |
| define venous dural sinuses (VDS) | are specialized veins between the 2 layersofthe dura matter. |
| define emissary veins | connect extra-cranial veins with intra-cranial veins |
| what are the three layers of the meninges | dura matter (outermost), arachnoid membrane (middle), pia mater (innermost) |
| what are lymph capillaries? | blind-ended endothelial tubes which collect fluid from tissue spaces |
| what are lymph vessels? | larger and thicker than capillaries, have valves to ensure one way flow of lymph through the vessel. transports fluid from capillaries to ducts. |
| what are ducts? | two large channels which receive fluid from the lymph vessels and empty inot the venous circulation |
| what is lymph? | the tissue fluid collected in lymphatic channels |
| what are lymph nodes? | oval or bean-shaped, grouped in clusters along connecting vessels, composed of organized lymphoid tissue. contain lymphocytes. |
| what do lymph nodes do? | filter toxic products from lymph to prevent entry into the blood system |
| what are regional nodes? | recieves lymph from definite region, 1st site at which pathologic processes manifest if they spread from their primary location via lymph vessels |
| what are central nodes? | receive lymph from primary nodes. can be primary for another region. |
| define hematoma | bruise that results when a blood vessel is injured and blood escapes and clots in surrounding tissue |
| define hemorrhage | large amounts of blood that escape into surrounding tissue without clotting when a blood vessel is injured |
| define embolus | foreign material such as thrombus traveling in the blood that can block the vessel |
| what is lemphadenopathy | an increase in size and change in consistency of lymphoid tissue |
| what are the first 4 components of the lyphatic ring of waldeyer and their location | 1. palatine tonsils - between palatoglossel & palatopharyngeal arches 2. lingual tonsils - dorsal surface tongue at base 3. pharyngeal tonsils - in nasopharynx between auditory tubes 4. tubal tonsil - nasophar. posterior to openings of aud. tubes |
| what is the 5th component of the lymphatic ring of waldeyer and its location | 5. solitary lymph follicles - masses of lymph tissue sometimes on arches, pillars, pharyngeal mucosa |
| define mestastasis | spread of cancer from original site (primary toanother or secondary site. can spread into and through lymph nodes |
| what is the function of the lymph system? | return fluid from tissue spaces into venous blood supply. removes toxics from blood. |
| what is the major vein draining the oral cavity | lingual |
| what 2 major arteries supply the brain | internal and external carotid artery |
| what is the cavernous sinus | communicates by anastomoses with the contralateral sinus and the pterygoid plexus of veins. |
| why the cavernous sinus important to dental professionals | it can be involved in the spread of dental infection which can lead to fatal results |
| what are the drainage patterns of lymph nodes | lymph flows into node by afferent vessels, out by one efferent vessel. regional -> central |
| the post. sup. alv. artery and its branches supply the | max. post. teeth and periodontium |
| describe the pterygoid plexus | drains the max. and mand. dental tissue |
| the superficical temporal vein and max. vein merge to form the... | retromandiular vein |
| which artery arises from the inf. alv. artery before it enters the mand. canal | mylohyoid artery |
| which artery supplies the mucous membranes and the glands of the hard and soft palates? | great and less palatine ateries |
| what results when a clot dislodges and travels in a vessel | embolus |
| describe the max. artery | enters the pterygopalatine fossa and forms terminal branches |
| a venous sinus within th vascular system is a | blood filled tissue space between two tissue layers |
| what artery is a branch fromthe facial artery | superior labial |
| what is a smaller vessel that branches off an arteriole to supply blood directly to the tissue | capillary |
| the carotid pulse can be palpated by the EMS at the level of the ... | thyroid cartilage |
| the tongue is supplied mainly by the brach from the ... | external carotid artery |
| which artery is sometimes visible under the skin of the temporal region | superficial temporal |
| which artery anastomoses with the anterior sup. alv. artery | posterior sup. alv. artery |
| which results from blood excaping into surrounding tissue and clotting | hematoma |
| for the left side the common carotid and subclavian arteries arise directly from the .. | aorta |
| what is the larger terminal branch of the external carotid artery | maxillary artery |
| the brachiocephalic veins unite to form the ... | superior vena cava |
| what structure is contained in the carotid sheath? | internal jugular vein |
| what lymph nodes have both superficial and deep nodes | parotid nodes |
| which structure leaves each individual lymph node at the hilus | efferent lymphatic vessels |
| what lymph nodes are subdivisions of the facial lymph nodes | malar, buccal, nasolabial, mandibular |
| which component of the lymphatic system have one way valves | vessels |
| which nodes drain lymph from a local region before the lymph flows to a more distant region | primary |
| the buccal lymph nodes are located superficial to what | buccinator muscle |
| which lymph node extends from the base of the skull to the root of the neck | deep cervial nodes |
| where are the external jugular nodes located | alnog the external jugular vein |
| which area does the thoracic duct empty | junction of the left internal jugular and subclavian veins |
| which primary nodes drain the skin and mucous membrane of the lower face | submandibular nodes |
| what is the secondary nodes for occipital nodes | deep cervical nodes |
| what lymph nodes are considered parts of the superficial cervical lymph nodes | external & anterior jugular nodes |
| where are submental nodes located | between mand. symphasis and hyoid bone |
| which node is easily palpable when the palatine tonsils are inflamed | jugulodiastric node |
| what is the primary node for max 3rd molar if becomes infected | superior deep cervical nodes |
| a patient with breast cancer has involvement with the axillary noces, whih nodes in the neck area primaryily communicate with these nodes | inferior deep cervical nodes |
| what characterizes nodes involved in metastasis | bony hard |
| what is the last location for lymph before reentering systemic circulation | thoracic duct |
| enlargement of lymph nodes happens because? | white blood cells in node mult to fight an infection |
| what are prominent nodes that drain both the tongue and submental region | jugulo-omohyoid nodes |
| which tonsil (also called adenoids) can be normally enlarged in children | pharyngeal tonsil |
| which nodes drain the infrahyoid region of the neck | anterior jugular |
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