Orofacial anomalies
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| How long should trial therapy for VPI last? | 8 weeks
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| Children may sound hypernasal if inventory limited to ____ _____ and _____. | glottals, glides, and nasals
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| How do you treat weak consonant production? | Increase volume and oral activity, visual feedback (air paddle), tactile feedback (feel pressure with hands)
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| May have to teach some compensatory strategies as a last resort, if ____ interferes with speech. | dental
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| What kind of words do you work on to get away from glottal stops? | /h/ words
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| What types of sounds are best place to start for eliminating glottal stops? | fricatives and voiceless fricatives
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| At least ___% children with cleft palate require SLP services at some point in their life. | 50%
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| What can VPD cause? (5) | hypernasality, NE, weak artic, short utterances, CA's
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| When is speech thearpy not appropriate? | when problem is purely structural
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| Children with hypernasality, weak cons, and NE are candidates for therapy when…? (5) | characteristic is mild & child stimulable; characteristic inconsistent or only present when child is tired; caused by faulty artic; post-surg therapy to learn new system; associated with oral motor dysfunction
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| For artic tx, determine if errors are ____, ____, or ____. | obligatory, developmental, or compensatory
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| What is the first goal for direct artic/phon tx? | phonetic placement
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| Do children with cleft palate and severe speech problems need more than 20 min once/week that may occur in schools? | yes; need intense therapy
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| What does typical direct artic/phon therapy involve? (4) | auditory/visual stim, imitation, practice, reinforcement
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| Therapy for consonant development should address ____ and decrease ____ | oral articulations; nasal and glide substitutions
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| Why should you do trial therapy with all kids with dental malocclusions/distortions? | can't predict who will/won't benefit; some kids benefit from placement therapy while others must have ortho/dental tx first
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| What should we do to avoid development of CA's? | don't reinforce CA error, model correct artic
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| Why will a child still sound hypernasal after surgery? | if child still producing CA's
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| Why target oral fricatives before stops for eliminating glottal stops? | may facillitate the idea of oral frication & aspiration
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| Technique for eliminating glottal stops. | whisper target sound and produce /h/ immediately after to stop glottal prod /pa/=/p-ha/
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| Adolescents may have persistent speech problems due to what causes? | CF anomalies, dental defects, or poor therapy in the past
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| Do palatal elevators and stimulator to cue velum to elevate have good results? | no
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| What is electropalatography? | custom acrylic plate with electrodes placed on palate; electrodes send signal when touched by tongue to give real-time visual feedback about timing and location of tongue placement
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| What is electropalatography good for? | good for biofeedback, ppl who not benefited from conventional tx, expensive but cheaper than extended unsuccessful speech tx
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| Tx for hypernasality should only last _____ and then cease if no improvements. | 6 to 8 weeks; no improvement indicates child needs surgical or prosthetic management
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| Tx of hypernasality involves what 9 techniques? | increase mouth opening, auditory discrim training, visual feedback, tactile-kinesthetic, light artic contacts, decrease speech rate, tactile feedback, lower back of tongue, increase oral activity
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| What does surgery not correct? | CA's or nasal substitutions
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| What children specifically will still have some hypernasality post-surgery? | children with no velar movement prior to surgery
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| How long after surgery should you wait for the elimination of hypernasality before recommending additional surgery? | 6 to 12 months
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| Which 2 resonance problems are most often due to a nasal blockage and always need to be treated surgically? | hyponasality & cul-de-sac resonance (speech therapy won't work if blockage)
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| What kind of exercises were used in the past but no longer accepted now as tx for VP function? | muscle training and oral motor exercises
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| What is an effective exercise tx for VP function? | CPAP mask; involves resistance of VP b/c muscles work against the CPAP positive pressure to close the port
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| When is CPAP exercise not appropriate? | for VP insufficiency or mislearning; CPAP is treating muscle weakness
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| What techniques can be used during speech attempts as biofeedback? (8) | verbal info from SLP, cold mirrors, water manometers, stethoscopes, nasoendoscopes, nasometer, photodetection, and listening tube
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| What is a nasometer especially good for? | nasal rustle; b/c caused by small, inconsistent VP opening
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| Nasometer has ___ and ____ to use for therapy. | games, stimuli
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