An introduction to the basic concepts of the Java Spring Framework.
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| An application framework implements the standard ____________ of an application for a specific development environment. | structure
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| In frameworks, _____________ help to assemble components from different projects into a cohesive application. | containers
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| Frameworks often play the role of the main program in coordinating and sequencing application activity ("don't call us; we'll call you"); this characteristic is referred to as _______________. | inversion of control
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| A framework is essentially a ____________, a structure around which the fleshing-out of an application occurs. | skeleton
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| An ___________ is a group of method declarations with empty bodies, whose behavior is implemented in a separate class. | interface
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| The pattern of __________ relies on the concept of an "assembler" that instantiates the objects required by an application and “injects” them into their dependent objects. | dependency injection
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| Types of Dependency Injection: In __________, the constructor arguments are injected during instance instantiation. | constructor injection
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| Types of Dependency Injection: In _________, dependencies are "set" in the objects through setter methods defined in a Spring configuration file. | setter injection
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| Types of Dependency Injection: In ___________, (not currently implemented in Spring), items are mapped to inject to specific interfaces. | interface injection
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| Spring uses the concept of a ___________ as its assembler, which manages the JavaBeans the developer has configured to run within it. | BeanFactory
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| In Spring, the initialization of a bean by the framework is exactly equivalent to using the ______ keyword to instantiate an object in Java code. | new
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| Coding to __________ is part of good object-oriented practice. | interfaces
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| In Spring, bean configuration is accomplished by ___________. | XML mapping
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| The core module of the Spring framework is its __________ container. | inversion of control
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| The inversion of control container manages Java objects from instantiation to destruction through its _________ (assembler). | BeanFactory
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| Java components that are instantiated by the inversion of control container are called _______. | beans
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| Setter injection uses the ______ methods in a class file to garner property names that are configurable in the XML configuration file. | set
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| The implementation of the inversion of control container that should be used when building an application is _______________. | ApplicationContext
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| The __________ is a subclass of the BeanFactory interface, so it has all the functionality a BeanFactory has and more. | ApplicationContext
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| A popular implementation of ApplicationContext, which defaults to reading resources from the classpath, is ____________. | ClassPathXmlApplicationContext
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| A __________ is a parameter that tells the Java Virtual Machine or the Java compiler where to look for user-defined classes and packages. | classpath
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| The key benefit of dependency injection is that it removes the dependency that a given class has on a particular _____________. | implementation
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| Dependency injection simplifies object-oriented programming by promoting ____________ between classes. | loose coupling
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| Spring's core model of dependency injection lets the developer define which __________ are created and what their ___________ are. | beans; properties
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| A major module of Spring, __________, refers to the ability to add side effects to a class's method calls without modifying the class's source code. | aspect-oriented programming
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| The basic philosophy of Spring is to avoid __________ among classes. | tight coupling
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| The Spring framework is composed of several well-defined ___________ built on top of the core __________, making it possible to use as much or as little of the Spring framework as is needed in a particular application. | modules; container
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| Objects whose implementations are likely to change are defined in the _________ file. | bean definition
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| In the bean definition file, the _________ tag is used to define an object's name and class. | bean
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| In the bean definition file, the _________ tag is used to assign values to the object (setter injection). | property
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| In the bean definition file, the ________ tag is used to assign values to the object (constructor injection). | constructor-arg
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| The following code creates a new __________ based on a bean definition file: ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/bean-file.xml") | container
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| The following code gets _____________ from the container: (InterfaceType)context.getBean("bean-name") | object instances
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| Spring is useful when you have objects whose ____________ change often, and you supply _____________ values through constructors or setter methods. | implementations; initialization
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| Bean initialization values can be other beans instead of concrete values; supplying these values in a definition file to be passed at runtime is known as _____________. | dependency injection
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| Basic Spring Applications, Step #1: Define an ___________ or __________ with no dependencies on Spring. | interface; abstract class
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| Basic Spring Applications, Step #2: Make concrete ______________ of the _____________. | implementations; interface
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| Basic Spring Applications, Step #3: Declare concrete __________ in ______________ file. | object; bean definition
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| Basic Spring Applications, Step #4: Instantiate _____________ from _____________ file. | container; bean definition
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| Basic Spring Applications, Step #5: Get __________ instances. | bean
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| When you declare a bean (and don't use constructor-arg), the _______________ is called when the object is instantiated. | zero-argument constructor
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| The bean definition file refers to a "bean property", which is a shortcut for a ________ method name. | setter
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| The bean property name is determined by dropping ______ from the setter method name, then changing the next letter to __________. | set; lowercase
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| The property and constructor-arg tags have an attribute, ________, which refers to a bean declared elsewhere. | ref
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| bean tags can be __________ to supply a new bean as a value to a setter method or constructor. | nested
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| list tags can be nested inside property or constructor-arg tags to pass a ________ to a setter method or constructor. | list
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| map tags can be nested inside property or constructor-arg tags to pass a ________ to a setter method or constructor. | map
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| Instantiating the ________________ container is expensive and should be done once only. | ApplicationContext
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| Instead of calling the zero-argument constructor and then calling setter methods, you can supply ___________ arguments. | constructor
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| Use ___________ only for immutable classes that have no setter methods. Use _________ otherwise. | constructor-arg; property
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| One issue with constructor arguments is that Spring does not always pass arguments in the _________ that they are listed. | order
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| One issue with constructor arguments is that Spring does type conversion, so arguments that are _____________ with the constructor definition could still be accepted. | mismatched
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| Setter injection is often preferred over constructor injection because constructor-arg is prone to ___________. | ambiguity
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| If there are multiple constructor arguments with compatible types, the _________ attribute can be used to specify which argument is which (e.g. <constructor-arg value="5" index="0"/>). | index
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| If there are multiple constructors with same number of arguments, both _________ and __________ attributes can be used (e.g. constructor-arg value="5" index="0" type="int"). | index; type
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| If you don't know what type of bean you will need, you can call a ___________ method. | factory
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| The misnamed _____________ can be used to supply values to the factory method. | constructor-arg
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| In order to avoid dependencies, the main class should never call ______ on a particular subclass. Instead, the bean definition file should create the objects that the main class depends on and inject them into the main class via _________ or ___________. | new; property; constructor-arg
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| Spring allows Collections to be injected; it is possible to pass a __________ or __________ of beans. | list; map
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| To use an existing bean as a property in a bean definition, use the _______ tag (the same applies to using an existing bean as a constructor-arg). | ref
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| To pass a list to a bean, nest the _______ tags inside the property tags, and use the ________ tag to contain the existing bean name. | list; ref local
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| To pass a map to a bean, nest the _______ tags inside the property tags, and use the ________ tag to contain the existing bean name. | map; entry key
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| If you do not define _________, every time you call getBean() on the same name, you get the same instance. | scope
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| The property and constructor-arg tags are only invoked the first time a bean is called; e.g., if a bean of that name has not already been ____________. | instantiated
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| To get a new instance of a bean every time it is called, use the attribute/value __________ within the bean definition. | scope = "prototype"
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| Beans in web applications can have various scopes in addition to default and prototype, including __________ and ___________. | request; session
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