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Speech Systems Larynx anatomy and functions

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Question
Answer
show Cartilage (ability to change shape and flexibility)  
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Biological Functions of Larynx   show
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Epiglottis   show
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show attachment for many muscles, superior and inferior cornu, notch,  
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show Ring-shaped, sits just below thyroid cartilage, separates thyroid cartilage from tracheal rings, 2 facets for arytenoids  
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show 2 pyramid-like structures at top of cricoid cartilage. Muscular process and vocal processes, attach to muscles (outside) and vocal folds (inside). Many degrees of freedom.  
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Cricothyroid Joint   show
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Hyoid Bone   show
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Cavities of Larynx   show
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Aditus laryngis   show
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show space between aditus and false vocal folds  
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Valleculae   show
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show Space between aryepiglottic fold and thyroid cartilage  
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Glottis   show
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show just superior to true VF, not meant to vibrate, help create the 3-D space of larynx.  
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show attach to cricoid and thyroid cartliages  
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Extrinsic Muscles of Larynx (Elevators)   show
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Extrinsic Muscles of Larynx (Depressors)   show
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show 1 pt of attachment in larynx, 1 point of attachment outside larynx, support larynx in cavity, but also helps move larynx as a whole system  
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show Refine the 3-D space of the larynx (tuning). Contralateral innervation by Vagus nerve, bilateral innervation of interarytenoid muscles. Innervated by CN X (Vagus)  
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show Internal branch: sensory from larynx - innervates supra-glottic space, sensory: swallowing External branch: motor to cricothyroid muscle  
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RLN (Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve)   show
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show Lateral Cricothyroid, Transverse Arytenoid, Oblique Arytenoid  
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Abductor Muscles   show
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Tensor Muscles   show
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Relaxer Muscles   show
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True Vocal Folds   show
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show Rotate Medially and Laterally, Tilt Anteriorally and Posteriorly, Slide medially and laterally  
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Ventricular Folds   show
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show Superficial (main vibrating portion, very flexible), Intermediate (allows anterior to posterior stretch, more dense), Deep (collagen fibers, very dense, protect VF from overstretching)  
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Vocal Ligament   show
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show Visual representation of the acoustic signal. Time (horiz axis in millisecs), Frequency (vertical axis in Hz), Intensity (darkness)  
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show # cycles of vibration/second, measured in Hz, not a linear relationship with pitch.  
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Optimal Pitch vs Habitual Pitch   show
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show Sound Pressure Level: measured in dB. Reflects acoustic power of signal. Based on ability to build up subglottic pressure.  
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VRP:   show
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MPT:   show
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S:Z Ratio   show
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VHI   show
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CAPE-V   show
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show Grade of roughness, Roughness based on irregularity, Breathiness, Aesthemia (weakness), Strain. Perceptual Scale.  
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show halogen light source tube through nasal cavity for a birds-eye view of larynx  
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show Same as Nasendoscopy but with a strobe light to see VF movement  
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Electroglottography (EGG)   show
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show Myoelastic Aerodynamic Theory: subglottic pressure blows VF apart laterally, blowing the inferior border apart first (comes back together first). Needs Muscle contraction, Elasticity, and Airflow (aerodynamic)  
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show FITS INTO MAT. Negative pressure caused by the narrow formation of larynx causes VF to be pulled together again. Because of the increase of velocity of airflow, pressure becomes negative, so the VF come back together.  
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Nonvocal Glottal Attacks   show
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Vocal Glottal Attacks   show
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show Pattern of activity vocal folds undergo during vibration  
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show Optimal, habitual register  
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show Glottal Fry, low rough, not much airflow, decreased tension of VF  
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show Falsetto, VF lengthen to thin and reed-like, Vocal ligament is doing most of the vibrating  
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show Higher than falsetto. Think Mariah Carey and Christina Agulera.  
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