Speech Systems Larynx anatomy and functions
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show | Cartilage (ability to change shape and flexibility)
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Biological Functions of Larynx | show 🗑
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Epiglottis | show 🗑
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show | attachment for many muscles, superior and inferior cornu, notch,
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show | Ring-shaped, sits just below thyroid cartilage, separates thyroid cartilage from tracheal rings, 2 facets for arytenoids
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show | 2 pyramid-like structures at top of cricoid cartilage. Muscular process and vocal processes, attach to muscles (outside) and vocal folds (inside). Many degrees of freedom.
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Cricothyroid Joint | show 🗑
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Hyoid Bone | show 🗑
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Cavities of Larynx | show 🗑
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Aditus laryngis | show 🗑
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show | space between aditus and false vocal folds
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Valleculae | show 🗑
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show | Space between aryepiglottic fold and thyroid cartilage
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Glottis | show 🗑
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show | just superior to true VF, not meant to vibrate, help create the 3-D space of larynx.
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show | attach to cricoid and thyroid cartliages
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Extrinsic Muscles of Larynx (Elevators) | show 🗑
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Extrinsic Muscles of Larynx (Depressors) | show 🗑
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show | 1 pt of attachment in larynx, 1 point of attachment outside larynx, support larynx in cavity, but also helps move larynx as a whole system
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show | Refine the 3-D space of the larynx (tuning). Contralateral innervation by Vagus nerve, bilateral innervation of interarytenoid muscles. Innervated by CN X (Vagus)
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show | Internal branch: sensory from larynx - innervates supra-glottic space, sensory: swallowing
External branch: motor to cricothyroid muscle
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RLN (Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve) | show 🗑
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show | Lateral Cricothyroid, Transverse Arytenoid, Oblique Arytenoid
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Abductor Muscles | show 🗑
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Tensor Muscles | show 🗑
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Relaxer Muscles | show 🗑
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True Vocal Folds | show 🗑
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show | Rotate Medially and Laterally, Tilt Anteriorally and Posteriorly, Slide medially and laterally
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Ventricular Folds | show 🗑
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show | Superficial (main vibrating portion, very flexible), Intermediate (allows anterior to posterior stretch, more dense), Deep (collagen fibers, very dense, protect VF from overstretching)
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Vocal Ligament | show 🗑
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show | Visual representation of the acoustic signal. Time (horiz axis in millisecs), Frequency (vertical axis in Hz), Intensity (darkness)
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show | # cycles of vibration/second, measured in Hz, not a linear relationship with pitch.
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Optimal Pitch vs Habitual Pitch | show 🗑
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show | Sound Pressure Level: measured in dB. Reflects acoustic power of signal. Based on ability to build up subglottic pressure.
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VRP: | show 🗑
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MPT: | show 🗑
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S:Z Ratio | show 🗑
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VHI | show 🗑
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CAPE-V | show 🗑
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show | Grade of roughness, Roughness based on irregularity, Breathiness, Aesthemia (weakness), Strain. Perceptual Scale.
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show | halogen light source tube through nasal cavity for a birds-eye view of larynx
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show | Same as Nasendoscopy but with a strobe light to see VF movement
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Electroglottography (EGG) | show 🗑
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show | Myoelastic Aerodynamic Theory: subglottic pressure blows VF apart laterally, blowing the inferior border apart first (comes back together first). Needs Muscle contraction, Elasticity, and Airflow (aerodynamic)
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show | FITS INTO MAT. Negative pressure caused by the narrow formation of larynx causes VF to be pulled together again. Because of the increase of velocity of airflow, pressure becomes negative, so the VF come back together.
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Nonvocal Glottal Attacks | show 🗑
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Vocal Glottal Attacks | show 🗑
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show | Pattern of activity vocal folds undergo during vibration
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show | Optimal, habitual register
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show | Glottal Fry, low rough, not much airflow, decreased tension of VF
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show | Falsetto, VF lengthen to thin and reed-like, Vocal ligament is doing most of the vibrating
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show | Higher than falsetto. Think Mariah Carey and Christina Agulera.
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