digestive system cards for science olympiad!
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| a muscular tube that connects and carries food from the mouth to the stomach | esophagus
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| glands that produce and secrete saliva which contains digestive enzymes | salivary glands
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| large tubular organ that absorbs water, salts, and stores waste matter | large intestine
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| long tubular organ where most of chemical digestion and absorption takes place | small intestine
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| bony structures that grind and crush food mechanically into smaller bits | teeth
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| organ that senses taste of food and helps push it to the back of the mouth | tongue
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| sac-like muscular organ that secretes gastric acids and churns food into a pulp | stomach
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| entrance of the digestive system where mechanical and chemical digestion begins | mouth
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| middle section of the small intestine where bulk of nutrients are absorbed | jejunum
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| gland that secretes most of the digestive enzymes and a few important hormones | pancreas
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| major section of large intestine that absorbs water, salts, and stores waste matter | colon
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| largest organ in the body that produces bile and performs over 500 functions | liver
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| a small organ that stores bile produced in the liver and helps digestion | gallbladder
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| first section of the small intestine where chemical digestion occurs | duodenum
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| opening at the end of the digestive tract through which feces are expelled | anus
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| final section of the large intestine that acts as temporary storage for feces | rectum
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| based on solubility, the eight B vitamins, and vitamin C are classified as | water-soluble vitamins
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| the eight B vitamins essential for metabolism and growth are together referred to as | vitamin B complex
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| an antioxidant vitamin found in vegetable oils and nuts; protects red blood cells and cell membranes | vitamin E (Tocopherol)
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| essential for vision, immunity and growth; deficiency causes night blindness; found in dark green/orange vegetables | vitamin A (retinol)
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| helps calcium absorption; deficiency causes bone deformities; produced in the skin by exposure to sunlight | vitamin D (calciferol)
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| essential for normal blood clotting; helps bone growth; found in green leafy vegetables | vitamin K (phylloquinone)
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| found in citrus fruits, peppers; antioxidant and important for collagen production; deficiency causes scurvy | vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
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| based on solubility, vitamins A, D, E, and K are classified as | fat-soluble vitamins
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| nutrients that protect cells from the damage of oxidation caused by free radicals (reactive ions) | antioxidants
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| macronutrients made up of amino acids that help build, maintain, and repair body tissues | proteins
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| vital nutrient that makes up 2/3 of our body and is involved in its every function | water
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| micronutrients required for regulating growth and normal metabolic functioning of the body | vitamins
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| indigestible plant matter that helps push food, aids digestion, and lowers risk of many diseases | dietary fiber
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| nutrients made up of fatty acids that store energy in a concentrated form | fats
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| macronutrients made of sugars and starches that are a mains source of energy for the human body | carbohydrates
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| chemical elements (eg. Ca, Fe, Mg) that are required in small amounts by the body | dietary minerals
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| eggs, dairy products, and meats are classified as good sources of | protein
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| a food allergy is an adverse immune response to a food | protein
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| deficiency of what type of nutrient causes weakness, poor growth, and metabolic problems | vitamins
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| packaged baked foods are most likely to contain _________ that raise cholesterol levels | trans fat
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| a standardized ratio of weight to heights that is often used as an indicator of health | body mass index (BMI)
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| name that plant-based food that can help to reduce blood cholesterol levels | soluble fiber
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| processed foods are usually high in ______ which contributes to high blood pressure | sodium
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| what group is our body's best source of energy | carbohydrates
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| required for protein, bone, and fat formation; for production and use of insulation in the body | magnesium
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| essential for transportation cellular energy (as ATP) forming cell membranes, DNA and bone tissue | phosphorus
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| helps form bones and teeth, and it is required for muscle contraction and blood clotting | calcium
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| required for production of thyroid hormones; deficiency causes goiter | Iodine
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| electrolyte that regulates heart function, blood pressure, PH levels, and nerve & muscle activity | potassium
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| required for production of hemoglobin; deficiency causes anemia and easy fatigue | Iron
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| its part of many enzymes that repair wounds; maintains fertility, growth, and boosts immunity | zinc
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| electrolyte that maintains the body's blood volume, water balance, and keeps nerves functioning | sodium
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| process by which the body breaks down food into small nutrients that can be absorbed | digestive
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| process by which fat globules are broken into smaller droplets of bile by salts | emalisfaction
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| process of eating (taking food into the body through the mouth) | ingestion
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| production and release of useful substances (enzymes, hormones, etc.) by a gland | secretion
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| rhythmic muscular contractions that moves food the digestive tract | peristalsis
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| process of eliminating waste products of metabolism (urine, CO2, etc.) | excretion
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| movement of nutrient molecules through the wall of digestive system | absorption
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| process of elimination of indigestible food remains from the digestive system | egestion
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| how long does the food stay in the small intestine in humans | 5 hours
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| how many different species of bacteria are present in the human colon | around 400
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| how many functions does the liver perform in the human body | over 500
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| what is the average length of the small intestine in humans | 22 feet
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| how much hydrochloric acid does a human stomach produce everyday | 2 liters
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| how much saliva does the human mouth produce everyday | 1.7 liters
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| how long does food stay in the human stomach on average | 3 to 4 hours
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| what are the nutrients that are absorbed in the esophagus | none
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| a type of organism that is made up of a single cell | unicellular
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| tiny structures that perform specific functions within a cell | organelles
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| a type of organism that is made up of many cells | multicellular
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| basic unit of structure, function, and organization in all living organisms | a cell
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| a type of cell with a nucleus and numerous organelles, each inclosed in its own membrane | eukaryote cells
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| type of cell that lacks a cell nucleus, or any other membrane-bound organelles | prokaryote cells
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| a collection of tissues joined in a structural unit that performs a specialized function of the body | organs
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| a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function | tissues
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| generally rectangular shape; is a feature of _____ cells | plant
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| round or irregular shape; is a feature of ______ cells | animal
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| plant cells have... | large central vacuole, cell wall, and chloroplasts
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| animal cells have... | cilia, lysosomes, and usually centrioles
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Created by:
Alayna-Nichole
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