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scioly- digestive
digestive system cards for science olympiad!
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a muscular tube that connects and carries food from the mouth to the stomach | esophagus |
| glands that produce and secrete saliva which contains digestive enzymes | salivary glands |
| large tubular organ that absorbs water, salts, and stores waste matter | large intestine |
| long tubular organ where most of chemical digestion and absorption takes place | small intestine |
| bony structures that grind and crush food mechanically into smaller bits | teeth |
| organ that senses taste of food and helps push it to the back of the mouth | tongue |
| sac-like muscular organ that secretes gastric acids and churns food into a pulp | stomach |
| entrance of the digestive system where mechanical and chemical digestion begins | mouth |
| middle section of the small intestine where bulk of nutrients are absorbed | jejunum |
| gland that secretes most of the digestive enzymes and a few important hormones | pancreas |
| major section of large intestine that absorbs water, salts, and stores waste matter | colon |
| largest organ in the body that produces bile and performs over 500 functions | liver |
| a small organ that stores bile produced in the liver and helps digestion | gallbladder |
| first section of the small intestine where chemical digestion occurs | duodenum |
| opening at the end of the digestive tract through which feces are expelled | anus |
| final section of the large intestine that acts as temporary storage for feces | rectum |
| based on solubility, the eight B vitamins, and vitamin C are classified as | water-soluble vitamins |
| the eight B vitamins essential for metabolism and growth are together referred to as | vitamin B complex |
| an antioxidant vitamin found in vegetable oils and nuts; protects red blood cells and cell membranes | vitamin E (Tocopherol) |
| essential for vision, immunity and growth; deficiency causes night blindness; found in dark green/orange vegetables | vitamin A (retinol) |
| helps calcium absorption; deficiency causes bone deformities; produced in the skin by exposure to sunlight | vitamin D (calciferol) |
| essential for normal blood clotting; helps bone growth; found in green leafy vegetables | vitamin K (phylloquinone) |
| found in citrus fruits, peppers; antioxidant and important for collagen production; deficiency causes scurvy | vitamin C (ascorbic acid) |
| based on solubility, vitamins A, D, E, and K are classified as | fat-soluble vitamins |
| nutrients that protect cells from the damage of oxidation caused by free radicals (reactive ions) | antioxidants |
| macronutrients made up of amino acids that help build, maintain, and repair body tissues | proteins |
| vital nutrient that makes up 2/3 of our body and is involved in its every function | water |
| micronutrients required for regulating growth and normal metabolic functioning of the body | vitamins |
| indigestible plant matter that helps push food, aids digestion, and lowers risk of many diseases | dietary fiber |
| nutrients made up of fatty acids that store energy in a concentrated form | fats |
| macronutrients made of sugars and starches that are a mains source of energy for the human body | carbohydrates |
| chemical elements (eg. Ca, Fe, Mg) that are required in small amounts by the body | dietary minerals |
| eggs, dairy products, and meats are classified as good sources of | protein |
| a food allergy is an adverse immune response to a food | protein |
| deficiency of what type of nutrient causes weakness, poor growth, and metabolic problems | vitamins |
| packaged baked foods are most likely to contain _________ that raise cholesterol levels | trans fat |
| a standardized ratio of weight to heights that is often used as an indicator of health | body mass index (BMI) |
| name that plant-based food that can help to reduce blood cholesterol levels | soluble fiber |
| processed foods are usually high in ______ which contributes to high blood pressure | sodium |
| what group is our body's best source of energy | carbohydrates |
| required for protein, bone, and fat formation; for production and use of insulation in the body | magnesium |
| essential for transportation cellular energy (as ATP) forming cell membranes, DNA and bone tissue | phosphorus |
| helps form bones and teeth, and it is required for muscle contraction and blood clotting | calcium |
| required for production of thyroid hormones; deficiency causes goiter | Iodine |
| electrolyte that regulates heart function, blood pressure, PH levels, and nerve & muscle activity | potassium |
| required for production of hemoglobin; deficiency causes anemia and easy fatigue | Iron |
| its part of many enzymes that repair wounds; maintains fertility, growth, and boosts immunity | zinc |
| electrolyte that maintains the body's blood volume, water balance, and keeps nerves functioning | sodium |
| process by which the body breaks down food into small nutrients that can be absorbed | digestive |
| process by which fat globules are broken into smaller droplets of bile by salts | emalisfaction |
| process of eating (taking food into the body through the mouth) | ingestion |
| production and release of useful substances (enzymes, hormones, etc.) by a gland | secretion |
| rhythmic muscular contractions that moves food the digestive tract | peristalsis |
| process of eliminating waste products of metabolism (urine, CO2, etc.) | excretion |
| movement of nutrient molecules through the wall of digestive system | absorption |
| process of elimination of indigestible food remains from the digestive system | egestion |
| how long does the food stay in the small intestine in humans | 5 hours |
| how many different species of bacteria are present in the human colon | around 400 |
| how many functions does the liver perform in the human body | over 500 |
| what is the average length of the small intestine in humans | 22 feet |
| how much hydrochloric acid does a human stomach produce everyday | 2 liters |
| how much saliva does the human mouth produce everyday | 1.7 liters |
| how long does food stay in the human stomach on average | 3 to 4 hours |
| what are the nutrients that are absorbed in the esophagus | none |
| a type of organism that is made up of a single cell | unicellular |
| tiny structures that perform specific functions within a cell | organelles |
| a type of organism that is made up of many cells | multicellular |
| basic unit of structure, function, and organization in all living organisms | a cell |
| a type of cell with a nucleus and numerous organelles, each inclosed in its own membrane | eukaryote cells |
| type of cell that lacks a cell nucleus, or any other membrane-bound organelles | prokaryote cells |
| a collection of tissues joined in a structural unit that performs a specialized function of the body | organs |
| a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function | tissues |
| generally rectangular shape; is a feature of _____ cells | plant |
| round or irregular shape; is a feature of ______ cells | animal |
| plant cells have... | large central vacuole, cell wall, and chloroplasts |
| animal cells have... | cilia, lysosomes, and usually centrioles |
Created by:
Alayna-Nichole
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