Development Disorders
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| what are developmental disorders (on a cellular level)? | a failure or disturbance that occurs during the process of fertilization, cell divison and differentiation into various tissues and structures
-may result on lack of, excess of or deformity
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| what are the two types of developmental disorders? | inherited and congenital disorders
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| what is inherited disorder? | caused by an abnormality in genetic makeup
transmitted from parent to offspring
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| what is congenital disorder? | present at birth
may be inherited or developmental
complexity of cell division and specialization
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| head.neck regions are common areas for what? | pattern of development
frontal process and maxillary process fusing
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| what is the cause of most congenital abnormalities? | unknown
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| (T/F) the frontal process is superior | true
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| the 1st branchial arch is below what processes? | 2 maxillary processes and the mandibular process
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| when is the stomodeum (primitive oral cavity) formed? | 3rd week
-in utero, ectoderm invaginates
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| what forms the philtrum? | the median nasal process growing downward b/t maxillary processes to form globular process
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| what develops on the frontal process? | 2 olfactories
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| what three parts is the frontal process divided into? | median nasal process, right lateral nasal process, left lateral nasal process
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| what does the premaxilla form from? | globular process
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| what does the lateral palatine processes form from? | maxillary process
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| lateral palatine processes fuse with the premaxilla creating what pattern? | Y-shaped
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| the nasal septum arises from what process? | median nasal process
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| the body of the tongue develops from what branchial arch | 1st branchial arch
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| the base of the tongue forms from what branchial arches? | 2nd and 3rd branchial arches
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| when does odontogenesis begin? | 5th week in utero
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| summary of odontogenesis? | involves ectoderm and ectomesenchyme
beings w/ formation of a band of ectoderm in ea. jaw (primary dental lamina--20 tooth germs)
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| what are the 3 parts of a tooth germ? | enamel organ, dental papilla, dental sac/follicle
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| what does the enamel organ do? | produces enamel
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| what does the dental papilla do? | forms the dental pulp
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| what does the dental sac/follicle do? | follicle provides cells that form cementum, PDL and alveolar bone
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| when is cementum formed? | after the crown is complete
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| what do Hertwig's epithelial roots sheath do? | shapes root of tooth
introduces the formation of root dentin
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| name 3 developmental soft tissue abnormalities | ankyloglossia, commissural lip pits, lingual thyroid
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| what is ankyloglossia? | an extensive adhesion of the tongue to the floor of the mouth
-may cause recession and bone loss
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| what is the cause of ankyloglossia? | the complete of partial fusion of the lingual frenum
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| (T/F) ankyloglossia only involves mucosa | False. may involve mucosa or may be muscular
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| what is the tx for ankyloglossia | frenectomy
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| what is the tx for commissural lip pits? | none
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| what are commissural lip pits? | epithelium-lined blind tracts located at corners of mouth (commissure)
incomplete fusion of max.man processes
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| what else is seen near the midline of the vermillion border when dealing with commissural lip pits | congenital lip pits
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| what is lingual thyroid and what is it also known as? | small nodular mass of thyroid tissue located posterior to the circumallate papillae
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| what is lingual thyroid caused by | failure of primitive thyroid tissue to migrate from its developmental location in the area of foramen cecum on posterior portion of the tongue to its normal position in the neck
-asymptomatic, difficultly swallowing
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| name 3 developmental cysts | odontogenic cysts, nonodontogenic cysts, pseudocysts
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| what are developmental cysts | an abnormal fluid-filled epithelium-lined sac or cavity, encapsulated in CT
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| where are developmental cysts found | throughout the body, including the head and neck region
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| how are cysts classified? (4 ways) | location, cause, origin of epithelial cells, histologic appearance
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| why are large cysts dangers? | they can resorb and move teeth
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| what is intraosseous? | within bone
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| what is extraosseous? | in soft tissue
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| how do cysts (within bone) appear radiographically? | well-circumscribed radiolucenies
uniocular or mutliocular
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| what are odontogenic cysts--related to tooth development? | dentigerous cyst, eruption cyst, primordial cyst, odontogenic keratocyst, calcifying cyst, lateral periodontal cyst, gingival cyst
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| what is a dentigerous cyst and what is it also known as? | forms around the crown of an unerupted or developing tooth
aka. follicular cyst
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| where is a dentigerous cyst most often found? | crown of unerupted or impacted 3rd molars
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| how is a dentigerous cyst developed? | epithelial lining originates from the reduced enamel epithelium after the crown has formed and calcified
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| how does a dentigerous cyst appear radiographically? | well defined, unilocular, radiolucency around crown of unerupted/impacted tooth
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| how does a dentigerous cyst appear histologically? | lumen is most characteristically lined w/ cuboidal epithelium surrounded by wall of CT
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| what is the tx for dentigerous cyst? | removal or cyst
-some risk of cystic transformation into neoplasm
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| eruption cysts are similar to what other odontogenic cyst? | dentigerous cyst
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| where are eruption cysts found? | found in the soft tissue around the crown of an erupting tooth
-tooth erupts through the cyst or cyst is open to expose the crown
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| what is the tx for eruption cysts? | none
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| where do primordial cysts develop? | in the place of the tooth
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| where are primordial cysts most commonly developed? | in place of 3rd molars
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| other random shit about primordial cyst | most often seen in young adults
discovered on radiographic examination
Dx-tooth was never present
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| what is the tx for primordial cysts? | surgical removal of entire lesion
risk of recurrence depends on Dx
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| how might a primordial cyst appear histologically? | may prove to be an odontogenic keratocyst or a lateral periodontal cyst
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| where are odontogenic keratocyst most often found? | mandibular 3rd molar region
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| what type of lesion is odontogenic keratocyst ? | expansive lesion
(can move teeth and cause resorption)
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| how do odontogenic keratocysts appear radiographically? | well defined, multiocular radiolucent lesion
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| how do odontogenic keratocyst appear histologically? | parakeratin present, prominent palisaded basal layer
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| what is the tx for odontogenic keratocyst? | surgical excision and osseous curettage
(high recurrance rate)
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| what is a calcifying odontogenic cyst? | nonaggressive, cystic lesion lined by odontogenic epithelium
-microscopic charact. called ghost cells
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| what do odonotogenic tumor does calcifying odontogenic cysts resemble? | ameloblastoma
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| where are lateral periodontal and gingival cysts most often seen? | mandibular cuspid and premolar area
-note asympomatic
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| (T/F) lateral periodontal and ginigval cysts are most often found in females? | False. most foten found in MALES
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| how do lateral periodontal and ginigval cysts appear radiographically? | unilocular or multiocular radiolucent lesion on lateral surface of tooth root
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| (T/F) a gingival cyst has the same type of lining, but its located in soft tisse | True
-note a thin band of stratified squamous epithelium lines cyst
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| what is the tx for lateral periodontal and ginigval cysts? | surgical excision
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| what are nonodontogenic cysts--not related to tooth development? (9 types) | nasopalatine canal cyst, median palatine cyst, globulomaxillary cyst, median mandibular cyst, nasolabial cyst, brachial cleft cyst (lymphoepithelial cyst), epidermal cyst, dermoid cyst and benign cystic teratoma, thyroglossal tract cyst
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| where are nasopalatine canal cyst located and what is it also known as? | located w/in nasopalatine canal or incisive papilla
aka. incisive canal cyst
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| what is the tx for nasopalatine canal cyst? | surgical excision especially before denture fabrication
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| who is most commonly seen with nasopalatine canal cysts? | men b/t 40-60 yrs old
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| how else can the nasopalatine cyst appear? | small, pink bulge near apices and b/t roots of max. central incisor on lingual surface
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| what is a median palatine cyst and where is it located? | well defined, uniocular radiolucency, located in midline of hard palate
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| how does median palatine cyst appear histologically? | lined w/ stratified squamous epithelium surrounded by dense fibrous CT
-may be painful due to expansion of palate
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| what is the tx for median palatine cysts? | surgical removal
-recurrance rare
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| what are 3 types of pseudocysts? | static bone cyst, simple bone cyst, aneurysmal bone cyst
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| what is the tx for globulomaxillary cyst? | surgical removal
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| what is globulomaxillary cyst? | well defined, PEAR SHAPED, found b/t roots of maxillary lateral incisor nd cuspid
-was though to be fissural cyst, now believed to be odontogenic epithelial origin
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| what cyst is 4xs more common in females? | nasolabial cysts
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| what are nasolabial cysts? | soft tissue cysts
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| what cyst is thought to originate from lower anterior portion of nasolacrimal duct? | nasolabial cyst
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| what is the tx for nasolabial cyst? | surgical excisions
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| how do nasolabial cyst appear clinically? | expansion or swelling in mucobuccal fold in area of maxillary canine and floor of nose
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| how do nasolabial cyst appear histologically? | lined w/ pseudostratified, cililated columnar epithelium and multiple goblet cells
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| (T/F) a static bone cyst is a true cyst | False, it is not
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| what is the tx for a static bone cyst? | none
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| how do you Dx for a static bone cyst? | found at the angle of the mandible
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| what is a static bone cyst also known as? | stafne bone cyst
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| what is a static bone cyst? | pseudocyst
well-defined cystlike, observed radiographically in posterior region of mandible inferior to mandibular canal
-acutally a defect, salivary gland tissue trapped during development of mandible
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| what is a simple bone cyst also known as? | traumatic bone cyst
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| how does a simple bone cyst appear radiographically? | scalloping around roots of teeth
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| what is the tx for simple bone cyst? | curettage wall lining the void, bone fills in 6mth-1yr
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| what is a simple bone cyst? | pathologic cavity in bone that isn't lined w/ epithelium, void w/ bone
-may be associated w/ trauma
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| what is a aneurysmal bone cyst? | pseudocyst
consists of blood filled spaces surrounded bu mutlinucleated giant cells and fibrous CT
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| how does aneurysmal bone cyst appear radiographically? | radiolucency, mutliocular, "honeycomb" or "soapbubble"
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| what is the tx for aneurysmal bone cyst? | excision
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