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PATH-DvlpmntlDis.
Development Disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are developmental disorders (on a cellular level)? | a failure or disturbance that occurs during the process of fertilization, cell divison and differentiation into various tissues and structures -may result on lack of, excess of or deformity |
| what are the two types of developmental disorders? | inherited and congenital disorders |
| what is inherited disorder? | caused by an abnormality in genetic makeup transmitted from parent to offspring |
| what is congenital disorder? | present at birth may be inherited or developmental complexity of cell division and specialization |
| head.neck regions are common areas for what? | pattern of development frontal process and maxillary process fusing |
| what is the cause of most congenital abnormalities? | unknown |
| (T/F) the frontal process is superior | true |
| the 1st branchial arch is below what processes? | 2 maxillary processes and the mandibular process |
| when is the stomodeum (primitive oral cavity) formed? | 3rd week -in utero, ectoderm invaginates |
| what forms the philtrum? | the median nasal process growing downward b/t maxillary processes to form globular process |
| what develops on the frontal process? | 2 olfactories |
| what three parts is the frontal process divided into? | median nasal process, right lateral nasal process, left lateral nasal process |
| what does the premaxilla form from? | globular process |
| what does the lateral palatine processes form from? | maxillary process |
| lateral palatine processes fuse with the premaxilla creating what pattern? | Y-shaped |
| the nasal septum arises from what process? | median nasal process |
| the body of the tongue develops from what branchial arch | 1st branchial arch |
| the base of the tongue forms from what branchial arches? | 2nd and 3rd branchial arches |
| when does odontogenesis begin? | 5th week in utero |
| summary of odontogenesis? | involves ectoderm and ectomesenchyme beings w/ formation of a band of ectoderm in ea. jaw (primary dental lamina--20 tooth germs) |
| what are the 3 parts of a tooth germ? | enamel organ, dental papilla, dental sac/follicle |
| what does the enamel organ do? | produces enamel |
| what does the dental papilla do? | forms the dental pulp |
| what does the dental sac/follicle do? | follicle provides cells that form cementum, PDL and alveolar bone |
| when is cementum formed? | after the crown is complete |
| what do Hertwig's epithelial roots sheath do? | shapes root of tooth introduces the formation of root dentin |
| name 3 developmental soft tissue abnormalities | ankyloglossia, commissural lip pits, lingual thyroid |
| what is ankyloglossia? | an extensive adhesion of the tongue to the floor of the mouth -may cause recession and bone loss |
| what is the cause of ankyloglossia? | the complete of partial fusion of the lingual frenum |
| (T/F) ankyloglossia only involves mucosa | False. may involve mucosa or may be muscular |
| what is the tx for ankyloglossia | frenectomy |
| what is the tx for commissural lip pits? | none |
| what are commissural lip pits? | epithelium-lined blind tracts located at corners of mouth (commissure) incomplete fusion of max.man processes |
| what else is seen near the midline of the vermillion border when dealing with commissural lip pits | congenital lip pits |
| what is lingual thyroid and what is it also known as? | small nodular mass of thyroid tissue located posterior to the circumallate papillae |
| what is lingual thyroid caused by | failure of primitive thyroid tissue to migrate from its developmental location in the area of foramen cecum on posterior portion of the tongue to its normal position in the neck -asymptomatic, difficultly swallowing |
| name 3 developmental cysts | odontogenic cysts, nonodontogenic cysts, pseudocysts |
| what are developmental cysts | an abnormal fluid-filled epithelium-lined sac or cavity, encapsulated in CT |
| where are developmental cysts found | throughout the body, including the head and neck region |
| how are cysts classified? (4 ways) | location, cause, origin of epithelial cells, histologic appearance |
| why are large cysts dangers? | they can resorb and move teeth |
| what is intraosseous? | within bone |
| what is extraosseous? | in soft tissue |
| how do cysts (within bone) appear radiographically? | well-circumscribed radiolucenies uniocular or mutliocular |
| what are odontogenic cysts--related to tooth development? | dentigerous cyst, eruption cyst, primordial cyst, odontogenic keratocyst, calcifying cyst, lateral periodontal cyst, gingival cyst |
| what is a dentigerous cyst and what is it also known as? | forms around the crown of an unerupted or developing tooth aka. follicular cyst |
| where is a dentigerous cyst most often found? | crown of unerupted or impacted 3rd molars |
| how is a dentigerous cyst developed? | epithelial lining originates from the reduced enamel epithelium after the crown has formed and calcified |
| how does a dentigerous cyst appear radiographically? | well defined, unilocular, radiolucency around crown of unerupted/impacted tooth |
| how does a dentigerous cyst appear histologically? | lumen is most characteristically lined w/ cuboidal epithelium surrounded by wall of CT |
| what is the tx for dentigerous cyst? | removal or cyst -some risk of cystic transformation into neoplasm |
| eruption cysts are similar to what other odontogenic cyst? | dentigerous cyst |
| where are eruption cysts found? | found in the soft tissue around the crown of an erupting tooth -tooth erupts through the cyst or cyst is open to expose the crown |
| what is the tx for eruption cysts? | none |
| where do primordial cysts develop? | in the place of the tooth |
| where are primordial cysts most commonly developed? | in place of 3rd molars |
| other random shit about primordial cyst | most often seen in young adults discovered on radiographic examination Dx-tooth was never present |
| what is the tx for primordial cysts? | surgical removal of entire lesion risk of recurrence depends on Dx |
| how might a primordial cyst appear histologically? | may prove to be an odontogenic keratocyst or a lateral periodontal cyst |
| where are odontogenic keratocyst most often found? | mandibular 3rd molar region |
| what type of lesion is odontogenic keratocyst ? | expansive lesion (can move teeth and cause resorption) |
| how do odontogenic keratocysts appear radiographically? | well defined, multiocular radiolucent lesion |
| how do odontogenic keratocyst appear histologically? | parakeratin present, prominent palisaded basal layer |
| what is the tx for odontogenic keratocyst? | surgical excision and osseous curettage (high recurrance rate) |
| what is a calcifying odontogenic cyst? | nonaggressive, cystic lesion lined by odontogenic epithelium -microscopic charact. called ghost cells |
| what do odonotogenic tumor does calcifying odontogenic cysts resemble? | ameloblastoma |
| where are lateral periodontal and gingival cysts most often seen? | mandibular cuspid and premolar area -note asympomatic |
| (T/F) lateral periodontal and ginigval cysts are most often found in females? | False. most foten found in MALES |
| how do lateral periodontal and ginigval cysts appear radiographically? | unilocular or multiocular radiolucent lesion on lateral surface of tooth root |
| (T/F) a gingival cyst has the same type of lining, but its located in soft tisse | True -note a thin band of stratified squamous epithelium lines cyst |
| what is the tx for lateral periodontal and ginigval cysts? | surgical excision |
| what are nonodontogenic cysts--not related to tooth development? (9 types) | nasopalatine canal cyst, median palatine cyst, globulomaxillary cyst, median mandibular cyst, nasolabial cyst, brachial cleft cyst (lymphoepithelial cyst), epidermal cyst, dermoid cyst and benign cystic teratoma, thyroglossal tract cyst |
| where are nasopalatine canal cyst located and what is it also known as? | located w/in nasopalatine canal or incisive papilla aka. incisive canal cyst |
| what is the tx for nasopalatine canal cyst? | surgical excision especially before denture fabrication |
| who is most commonly seen with nasopalatine canal cysts? | men b/t 40-60 yrs old |
| how else can the nasopalatine cyst appear? | small, pink bulge near apices and b/t roots of max. central incisor on lingual surface |
| what is a median palatine cyst and where is it located? | well defined, uniocular radiolucency, located in midline of hard palate |
| how does median palatine cyst appear histologically? | lined w/ stratified squamous epithelium surrounded by dense fibrous CT -may be painful due to expansion of palate |
| what is the tx for median palatine cysts? | surgical removal -recurrance rare |
| what are 3 types of pseudocysts? | static bone cyst, simple bone cyst, aneurysmal bone cyst |
| what is the tx for globulomaxillary cyst? | surgical removal |
| what is globulomaxillary cyst? | well defined, PEAR SHAPED, found b/t roots of maxillary lateral incisor nd cuspid -was though to be fissural cyst, now believed to be odontogenic epithelial origin |
| what cyst is 4xs more common in females? | nasolabial cysts |
| what are nasolabial cysts? | soft tissue cysts |
| what cyst is thought to originate from lower anterior portion of nasolacrimal duct? | nasolabial cyst |
| what is the tx for nasolabial cyst? | surgical excisions |
| how do nasolabial cyst appear clinically? | expansion or swelling in mucobuccal fold in area of maxillary canine and floor of nose |
| how do nasolabial cyst appear histologically? | lined w/ pseudostratified, cililated columnar epithelium and multiple goblet cells |
| (T/F) a static bone cyst is a true cyst | False, it is not |
| what is the tx for a static bone cyst? | none |
| how do you Dx for a static bone cyst? | found at the angle of the mandible |
| what is a static bone cyst also known as? | stafne bone cyst |
| what is a static bone cyst? | pseudocyst well-defined cystlike, observed radiographically in posterior region of mandible inferior to mandibular canal -acutally a defect, salivary gland tissue trapped during development of mandible |
| what is a simple bone cyst also known as? | traumatic bone cyst |
| how does a simple bone cyst appear radiographically? | scalloping around roots of teeth |
| what is the tx for simple bone cyst? | curettage wall lining the void, bone fills in 6mth-1yr |
| what is a simple bone cyst? | pathologic cavity in bone that isn't lined w/ epithelium, void w/ bone -may be associated w/ trauma |
| what is a aneurysmal bone cyst? | pseudocyst consists of blood filled spaces surrounded bu mutlinucleated giant cells and fibrous CT |
| how does aneurysmal bone cyst appear radiographically? | radiolucency, mutliocular, "honeycomb" or "soapbubble" |
| what is the tx for aneurysmal bone cyst? | excision |
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