Urinalysis: Chemical Examinaiton
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| Upon standing at room temperature, a urine pH typically: | increases. The change in pH is die to the breakdown of urea to ammonia by urease-producing bacteria, and loss of CO2.
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| Urine reagent strips should be stored in a(n): | cool dry area. Reagent strips must be handled carefully to prevent them from picking up excess moisture. They work optimally at room temperature and should be stored in a dark, tightly capped bottle, not exposed to light.
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| The protein section of the urine reagent strip is MOST sensitive to : albumin, mucoprotein, Bence Jones protein, or globulin? | Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein and is relatively small, In nephropathy, albumin will be the most abundant protein in the urine.
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| Which of the following reagents is used to react with ketones in the urine? Sodium nitroprusside, acetoacetic acid, acetone, or beta-hydrozybutyric acid? | Sodium nitroprusside. All the others are ketones.
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| A reagent strip area impregnated with stabilized, diazotized 2,4-dichloroaniline will yield a positive reaction with: | Bilirubin. The student should memorize the chemical reactions for each of the dipstick biochemicals. Diazo reagent is used for bilirubin.
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| When employing the urine reagent strip method, a false-positive protein result may occur in the presence of: | highly alkaline urine. The protein pad must be held at a pH of 3 in order to see the effect that protein has on the double indicators. In alkaline urine, the pH may be neutralized, and the indicators change color.
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| A 17 year old girl decided to go on a starvation diet. After 1 week of starving herself, what substance would most likely be found in her urine? | ketones. Ketones are byproducts of fat metabolism. During low carbohydrate or starvation diets, ketones can be found in the urine.
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| A 2 year old child had a positive urine ketone. This would most likely be caused by: | vomiting. Vomiting leads to dehydration and utilization of fat for energy. Fat metabolism produces ketones.
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| Microscopic analysis of a urine specimen yields a moderate amount of RBCs in spite of a negative result for occult blood using a reagent strip. The technologist should determine if this patient has taken: | Vitamin C. Ascorbic acid inhibits reactions that use peroxidase.
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| To prepare the reagent used in confirmatory protein testing, a technician would: | dissolve 3 g sulfosalicylic acid in 100 mL of water. 3% SSA is used to confirm positive protein tests. 3% implies 3 g in 100mL of water.
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| A positive result for bilirubin on a reagent strip should be followed up by: | performing an Ictotest. The bilirubin dipstick pad can show a false positive from a colored urine. All positives should be confirmed with an ictotest.
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| Ammonium sulfate was added to red urine. THe urine had a positive reaction for blood, but no RBCs were seen on microscopic examination. After centrifugation the supernatant fluid is red. The abnormal color is caused by: | myoglobin. Both Hgb and Mgb will produce a red urine without RBC. Hgb will be precipitated by ammonium sulfate, but Mgb will not and will remain in the supernate after centrifugation.
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| A urine tested with Clinitest exhibits a passthrough reaction and is diluted bu adding 2 drops of urine to 10 drops of water. This is a dilution of: | 1:6. When 2 drops of urine are added to 10 drops of water, it is a 2/12 proportion. (12 is the total volume)
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| When performing a routine urinalysis, the technologist notes a 2+ protein result. He should: | confirm with the acid precipitation test. It is necessary to confirm positive protein if the urine pH is elevated, but this is not one of the choices. Instead of reporting what you have and risking some wrong results, go ahead and make a confirmation.
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| The confirmatory test for a positive protein result by the reagent strip method uses: | sulfosalicylic acid. Sulforsalicyic acid will precipitate protein. Ehrlich reagent is for urobilinogen. Diazo is for bilirubin, and copper reduction is for reducing substances.
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| A urine specimen is analyzed for glucose by a glucose oxidase reagent strip and a copper reduction test. If both results are positive, which of the following interpretations is correct? | glucose is present. A positive glucose oxidase is specific for glucose. Glucose will also cause copper reduction (a positive Clinitest).
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| A urinalysis is performed on a 2 week old infant with diarrhea shows a negative reaction with the glucose oxidase reagent strip. A copper reduction tablet test should be performed to check the urine sample for the presence of | galactose; Children with failure to thrive may have galactosuria
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