Question | Answer |
SAMPLE means | S-signs and symptoms,
A- allergies,
M- medications,
P- pertinent past medical history,
L- last oral intake,
E- events leading up to this condition |
Signs are | what you see or feel |
Symptoms are | what the individual tells you |
OPQRST stands for what | O-onset,
P- provocation,
Q- quality,
R- region, radiation, relief, recurrence,
S- severity,
T- timing |
Vital signs are | Pulse, respirations, blood pressure, skin assessment, temperature, capillary refill, pulse oximetry. |
Cardiovascular Red Flags | Chest pain during exertion, fatigue or shortness, dizziness, difficulty breathing while laying down. |
Dextrocardia is what | heart located on right side of the chest instead of the left. |
Marfan's syndrome is what | enlarged heart. |
Pulmonary Red Flags | abnormal coughing, abnormal shortness of breath at rest, abnormal breath sounds, asthma. |
Musculoskeletal Red Flags | chronic joint or spinal instability, unhealed fracture/ligament/muscular injury, muscle weakness. |
Neurological Red Flags | cervical spine instability, history of seizures, history of head injury, history of burners. |
Ocular Red Flags | vision in only one eye, severe myopia (nearsightedness), retinal detachment or tear. |
Dental Red Flags | bleeding gums, lesions in the mouth, loose or displaced teeth, loose caps. |
Gastrointestinal Red Flags | organomegaly, history of hepatitis or infectious mononucleosis. |
Genitourinary Red Flags | one kidney or kidney disease, hernia, pain with urination. |
Dermatological Red Flags | herpes, dermatities, warts, fungal infection. |
Heat Related Red Flags | cardiac disease, uncontrolled diabetes, hyperextension, excessive heat cramps. |
Disqualifying Conditions for Sport Participation | Atlantoaxial instability (C1&C2), bleeding disorders, cardiovasular disease, cerebral palsy, diabetes mellitus, diarrhea, eating disorder. |
What are imaging modalities | x-ray, bone scan, CT scan, MRI, ultrasound |
What are hot spots? | areas of inflammation or injury to a bone will appear dark on a bone scan. |
On a X-ray lungs appear darker why? | because air does not absorb radiation. |
Fluroscopy is what? | is a type of radiography that can be performed when the clinician wants to see a "live" image to determine the size, shape, and movement of tissue. |
Myleogram is what? | looking at nerves. |
Aspirin comes from where? | tree bark. |
KNAPP vs. North Western | kid with cardiac condition had heart transplant team physician would not let him play. |
What are different kinds of medicines can you take orally? | capsules, powders, gel, ecotrin. |
What happens to pills in your body? | they are ingested, absorbed, processed, and eliminated. |
Liver is the main organ for what? | metabolizing drugs. |
What is the fastest way to feel drugs affects? | IV |
What would make the body absorb a pills affects slowly? | the more layers there are the slower the body absorbs the effects. |
Normal systolic | above hundred |
Normal diastolic | below hundred |
First company of aspirin is what? | BAYER |
Pure food and drug act was when? | 1906 |
Pure food and drug act is | can't misbrand anything intentionally. |
Food drug and cosmetic act was when? | 1938 |
The food drug and cosmetic act lead to what being established? | FDA |
The 1950s you were able to distinguish between what? | non prescription drugs and prescription drugs. |
FDA was established in what year? | 1938 |
When was the Controlled Substance Act? | 1970 |
What produced drug schedules? | the Controlled Substance Act |
Drug Schedule 1 has | the highest potential of abuse. |
Examples of drug schedule 1 are | heroin and LSD |
What drug schedule has no known medical uses? | 1 |
Drug schedule 2 has | a high potential of abuse |
What drug schedule has some medical usage? | 2 |
What drugs have a high level of addiction? | oxycotin and percocete |
What drugs have the highest pain management? | oxycotin and percocete |
What drug schedule has a lower potential of abuse? | 3 |
What is an example of drug schedule 2? | oxcotin and percocete |
What is an example of drug schedule 3? | vikodin |
What drug schedule has a low chance of abuse? | 4 |
What are examples of drug schedule 4? | zanex, darveset, and valium. |
What drug schedule has the lowest chance of abuse but is still restricted? | 5 |
What is an example of drug schedule 5? | cough meds. |
FDA determines what? | how the drugs classified. |
A PA can not give what drug schedule prescriptions in NC? | 1 and 2. |
When do generics come to market? | 17 years after the patent wore off. |
There are how many over the counter medicines available today? | 3,000 |
Generics vs. name brand? | Generic drugs may not have the same filter as a name brand drug. |
Does generic and name brand drugs have the same therapeutic equivalent? | Yes |
You can't have medicines in what? | a glass case |
Medicines have to be in what? | a closed and locked case |
Is temp. important when storing drugs? | yes |
What year was the American Pharmaceutical Association developed? | late 1800s |
All drugs have how many names? | 3 |
What names do drugs how? | a chemical, generic, and trade name |
How many steps are there for the drug approval process? | 4 |
Step 1 of the drug approval process is? | lab and animal testing |
Step 2 of drug approval process is? | company files for Investigational New Drug with the FDA |
Step 3 of drug approval process is? | initiate clinical studies |
Phase 1 of step 3 is what? (1 year) | using human subjects they evaluate metabolism and adverse effects |
Phase 2 of step 3 is what? (2 years) | using human subjects they determine therapeutic effects and dose |
Phase 3 of step 3 is what? (3 years) | using human subjects they determine safety and efficacy |
Step 4 of the drug approval process is? | FDA review |
Pharmacodynamics is what? | how a drug effects the body |
Efficacy is what? | whether the drug works or not |
The lowest dose capable of producing a perceivable response is called what? | the threshold |
Therapeutic index is what? | range in which desired effects are produced |
What is pharmacokinetics? | what the body does to or with the drug |
Three modes of transportation that drugs use to cross the cell membranes? | filtration, diffusion, active transport |