Question | Answer |
whois | utility that allows you to query ICANN's DNS registration database and find info about the domain |
tracepath | version of the traceroute utility found on some Linux |
traceroute | TCI/IP utility that uses ICMP to trace the path from one network node to another,identifying all hopss between the two nodes |
traceroute | useful for determining router or subnet connectivity problems |
supernet mask | a 32 bit number that,when combined with a devices IP address,indicates the kind of supernet to which the device belongs |
static network address translation | a type of address translation in which each private IP address is correlated with its own Internet recognized IP address |
simple mail transfer protocol | application layer tcp/ip subprotocol responsible for moving messages from one email server to another |
route | a utility for viewing or modifying a hosts routing table |
public network | a network that any user can access with no restrictions.internet is the most familiar example |
private network | a network whose access is restricted to only clients with proper credentials |
post office protocol version 3 | most commonly used version of pop |
post office protocol | an application layer protocolused to retreive messages from a mail server. |
pop3 | when a client retreives mail,messages previously stored on the mail server are downloaded to the clients workstation and then deleted from the server |
pathping | a command line utility that combines the functionality of the tracert and ping commands |
port address translation | a form of addressing translation that uses TCP port numbers to distinguish each clients transmission,thus allowing multiple clients to share a limited number of internet-recognized IP addresses |
nslookup | a tcp/ip utility that allows you to look up the DNS host name of a network node by specifying its IP address or vice-versa |
nslookup | useful for verifying that a host is configured correctly and for troubleshooting DNS resolution problems |
netstat | a tcp/ip troubleshooting utility that displays statistics and the state of the current tcp/ip connections.displays ports,which can signal whether services are using the correct path |
netbios | a protocol that runs in the session and transport layers of the osi model and associates netbios names with workstations |
netbios | is not routable because it does not contain network layer information |
nbstat | a tcp/ip troubleshooting utility that provides information about netbios names and their addresses. |
network address translation | a technique in which ip addresses used on a private network are assigned a public address by a gateway when accessing a public network |
my trace route mtr | a route discovery and analysis utility that comes with unix and linux operating systems |
mtr | combines the functions of the ping and traceroute commands and delivers an easily readable chart as its output |
multipurpose internet mail extension | a standard for encoding and interpreting binary files,images,video, and non ascii character sets with an email message |
internet message access protocol | a mail retreival protocol that improves on the shortcomings of pop. |
imap | it allows users to store messages on the server rather then having to download them to their local machine |
internet connection sharing host | on a network using microsoft ,the computer whose internet connection other computers share |
internet connection sharing | a service that allows one computer,the ics host,to share its internet connection with other computers on the same network |
hostname | a tcp/ip utility used to show or modify a clients host name |
host | a tcp/ip utility that at its simplest returns either the ip address of a host if its host name is specified or its host name if its ip address is specified |
extended network prefix | the combination of an ip's address's network id and subnet information |
extended network prefix | a device can determine the subnet to which an address belongs |
dynamic network address translation | a type of address translation in which a limited pool of internet valid ip addresses is shared by multiple private network hhosts |
domain information groper | a tcp/ip utillty that queries the dns database and provides information about a host given its ip address or vice versa. |
dig | similiar to the nslookup utility,but provides more information,even in its simplest form,than nslookup can |
default gateway | first interprets a devices outbound request and then interprets its inbound requests to and from other subnets |
core gateway | operates on the internets backbone |
classful addressing | convention that adheres to network class distinction |
class A | first 8 bits |
class B | first 16 bits |
class c | first 24 bits |
cidr notation | a method of denoting network id's and their subnet boundaries |
cidr block | the number of bits used for an extended prefix |
cidr notation | slash |
classless interdomain routing | an ip addressing and subnetting method |
cidr | network and host information is manipulated without adhering to the limitations imposed by traditional network class distinctions |
cidr | supernetting |
route command | allows you to view a hosts routing table and add,delete or modify preferred routes |
nslookup utility | more flexible version of the host command |
ifconfig | utility that establishes and allows management of the tcp/ip settings on a unix or linux system |
nat | gateways assign transmissions valid internet ip addresses to be shared by multiple clients |
dnat | allows one or more internet recognized ip addresses to be shared by multiple clients |
snat | establishes a one to one correlation between each private ip address and internet recognized ip addresses |
subnet mask | provides clues about the location of network information in an ip address. |
subnet a network | simpler troubleshooting,enhanced network security,improved performance,and easier network management |
subnetting | seperates one network or segment into multiple logically defined segments |
-c | count mtr |
-r | generate a report mtr |
-n | display only ip addresses and not host names mtr |
-i | specify a period of time mtr |
-d | not resolve ip addresses to host names tracert |
-h | maximum number of hops tracert |
-w | timeout period for responses wait time tracert |
-a | name of the machines table given its netbios name nbstat |
-A | machines name table given its ip address nbstat |
-r | useful for determining whether a workstation is resolving names properly or for determining whether wins is operating properly nbstat |
-s | list of all current netbios sessions for a machine.attempts to resolve ip addresses to netbios names in the listing nbstat |
-a | list of all available tcp and udp connections netstat |
-e | display details about all the packets that have been sent over a network connection netstat |
-n | lists currently connected hosts according to their port and ip address netstat |
-p | allows you to specify what tyhpe of protocol statistics to list netstat |
-r | list of routing table information netstat |
-s | statistics about each packet transmitted by a host,seperated according to protocol type netstat |
-a | applies the command to all interfaces on the device ifconfig unix linux |
down | marks the interface as unavailable to the network ifconfig unix linux |
up | reinitializes the interface after it has been taken down to make it available to the network ifconfig linux unix |
/renew | renews dhcp assigned addresses for all of the devices network interfaces ipconfig |
/release | releases dhcp assigned addressesw for all of the devices networks ipconfig |
/all | displays complete tcp/ip configuration information for each network interface on that device ipconfig |
/? | list of switches available for use with the ipconfig command |