Question | Answer |
endocrine glands | (crin/o)
ductless glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream |
pituitary gland/hypophysis | -master gland
-located behind the optic nerve |
anterior lobe/ adenohypophysis | aden/o, hypophys/o |
posterior lobe/ neurohypophysis | neur/o, hypophys/o |
thyroid gland | (thyroid/o)
-located in the anterior part of the neck
-regulation of metabolism
-control of calcium deposited in bones (calcitonin) |
regulation of metabolism | -tetraiodothyronine (thyroxine)
-triiodothyronine |
parathyroid glands | (parathyroid/o)
-four small glands located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland
-regulate calcium in the bloodstream |
adrenal glands / suprarenals | (adren/o)
-located on top of each kidney |
adrenal cortex | external portion (secretes steroids) |
adrenal medulla | internal portion (sympathomimetic hormones |
pancreas | (pancreat/o)
-located inferior and posterior to the stomach |
exocrine function of the pancreas... | release digestive enzymes through a duct into the small intestines |
endocrine function of the pancreas... | regulate glucose in the blood by stimulating the liver (Islets of Langerhans) |
thymus gland | (thym/o)
-located in the mediastinum above the heart
-responsible for stimulating key cells for immune response |
ovaries and testes | female and male gonads
(reproductive functions) |
pineal gland | -located in the center of the brain
-secretion of melatonin |
anorexia | lack of appetite |
exophthalmia | protrusion of eyeballs from their orbits |
goiter | enlargement of the thyroid gland, not due to tumor |
hirsutism | abnormal hairiness, especially in women |
paresthesia | abnormal sensation such as prickling |
tetany | continuous muscle spasms |
hypocalcemia | condition of deficient calcium in the blood |
hypercalcemia | excessive calcium in the blood |
hypoglycemia | condition of deficient sugar in the blood |
hyperglycemia | excessive sugar in the blood |
hypokalemia | condition of deficient potassium in the blood |
hyperkalemia | excessive potassium in the blood |
SIADH | syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone |
hyperthyroidism | -Graves disease
-thyrotoxicosis |
hypothyroidism | -cretinism
-myxedema |
RAI | radioactive iodine uptake scan |
adrenalectomy | bilateral removal of the adrenal glands to reduce excess hormone secretion |
hypophysectomy | excision of the pituitary gland |
pancreatectomy | excision of the pancreas |
parathyroidectomy | excision of the parathyroid gland |
thyroidectomy | excision of the thyroid gland |