| Question | Answer |
| endocrine glands | (crin/o)
ductless glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream |
| pituitary gland/hypophysis | -master gland
-located behind the optic nerve |
| anterior lobe/ adenohypophysis | aden/o, hypophys/o |
| posterior lobe/ neurohypophysis | neur/o, hypophys/o |
| thyroid gland | (thyroid/o)
-located in the anterior part of the neck
-regulation of metabolism
-control of calcium deposited in bones (calcitonin) |
| regulation of metabolism | -tetraiodothyronine (thyroxine)
-triiodothyronine |
| parathyroid glands | (parathyroid/o)
-four small glands located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland
-regulate calcium in the bloodstream |
| adrenal glands / suprarenals | (adren/o)
-located on top of each kidney |
| adrenal cortex | external portion (secretes steroids) |
| adrenal medulla | internal portion (sympathomimetic hormones |
| pancreas | (pancreat/o)
-located inferior and posterior to the stomach |
| exocrine function of the pancreas... | release digestive enzymes through a duct into the small intestines |
| endocrine function of the pancreas... | regulate glucose in the blood by stimulating the liver (Islets of Langerhans) |
| thymus gland | (thym/o)
-located in the mediastinum above the heart
-responsible for stimulating key cells for immune response |
| ovaries and testes | female and male gonads
(reproductive functions) |
| pineal gland | -located in the center of the brain
-secretion of melatonin |
| anorexia | lack of appetite |
| exophthalmia | protrusion of eyeballs from their orbits |
| goiter | enlargement of the thyroid gland, not due to tumor |
| hirsutism | abnormal hairiness, especially in women |
| paresthesia | abnormal sensation such as prickling |
| tetany | continuous muscle spasms |
| hypocalcemia | condition of deficient calcium in the blood |
| hypercalcemia | excessive calcium in the blood |
| hypoglycemia | condition of deficient sugar in the blood |
| hyperglycemia | excessive sugar in the blood |
| hypokalemia | condition of deficient potassium in the blood |
| hyperkalemia | excessive potassium in the blood |
| SIADH | syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone |
| hyperthyroidism | -Graves disease
-thyrotoxicosis |
| hypothyroidism | -cretinism
-myxedema |
| RAI | radioactive iodine uptake scan |
| adrenalectomy | bilateral removal of the adrenal glands to reduce excess hormone secretion |
| hypophysectomy | excision of the pituitary gland |
| pancreatectomy | excision of the pancreas |
| parathyroidectomy | excision of the parathyroid gland |
| thyroidectomy | excision of the thyroid gland |
