Question | Answer |
association of two different species in which one partner is benefitted and the other is neither benefitted or injured | commensalism |
association of two different species in which one (parasite) is benefitted and the other (host) is injured to some degree | parasitism |
type of parasite that cannot live apart from the host | obligatory parasite |
a parasite that is capable of both free living or commensal existence and may become parasitic | facultative parasite |
a parasite that establishes on the exterior surface of the host | ectoparasite |
a parasite that establishes within the body of the host | endoparasite |
a species which harbors a parasite and provides some metabolic resources to the parasitic species | host |
host in which parasite passes its adult existence and or sexual reproductive phase | definitive host |
host in which parasites passes its larval (immature) stage or asexual reproductive phase (required part of the life cycle of that parasites) | Intermediate host |
host other than normal host species which is accidentally infected, the parasite may or may not continue full development in this host | incidental host |
animal which harbors a parasite species which is also parasitic for humans and from which humans may become infected | reservoir host |
entrance int a host, growth, development, reproduction, and transmission of a parasite to a new host | life cycle |
arthropod or living carrier which transports a parasite from an infected host to a susceptible host, may transmit the parasite passively (mechanical vector) or may be an essential host in the life cycle of the parasite (biological vector) | Vector |
parasite form infective for humans | infective form |
parasite form usually detected in the laboratory | diagnostic form |
object which resembles a parasite form but is either not a parasite at all or not parasitic in the host under consideration | pseudoparasite |
What is another name for pseudoparasite | artifact |
What does protozoa mean | lumen dwelling |
what does nematodes mean | intestinal roundworms |
Why form of protozoa is entamoeba histolytica | amebae |
what type of protozoa is balantidium coli | ciliate |
what type of protozoa is giardia lamblia | flagellates |
what type of protozoa is entamoeba hartmanii | amebae |
what type of protozoa is iodamoeba butschlii | amebae |
what type of protozoa is dientamoeba fragilis | flagellates |
what type of protozoa is entamoeba coli | amebae |
what type of protozoa is trichomonas vaginalis | flagellates |
what type of protozoa is endolimax nana | amebae |
Enterobius vermicularis is a | nematodes |
hymenolepis nana is a | cestodes |
trichuris trichiura is a | nematode |
ascaris lumbricoides is a | nematode |
taenia saginata is a | cestodes |
necator americanus is a | nematodes |
taenia solium is a | cestodes |
ancylostoma duodenale is a | nematode |
strongyloides stercoralis is a | nematode |
diphyllobothrium latum is a | cestode |
trichinella spiralis is a | nematode |
What does the degree of injury in parasitic infection mean | number, size, activity, and location of parasites in the host |
Where would you expect to find most parasitic infections | the equater |
Malaria has not been endemic in the US since? | 1940 |
simple parasites have no | vectors or intermediate hosts (strictly fecal oral route) |
Complex parasites have | intermediate hosts, vectors |
Amebas, flagellates, ciliates, hemoflagelates, sporozoa and coccidia are all groups in this classification | protozoa |
Unicellular eukaryotic microorganism associated with parasitic infections are known as | protozoa |
what is the mode of locomotion for amebas | pseudopodia |
what is the mode of locomotion for flagellates | flagella |
what is the mode of locomotion for ciliates | cilia |
what is the mode of hemoflagelates | flagella and blood and tissues |
Metazoa, worm-like invertebrates are are associated with which parasites | helminths |
Intestinal worms are what kind of helminths | nematodes |
Tissue roundworms are what kind of helminths | filariae |
tape worms (segmented flatworms are what kind of helminths | cestoda |
flukes (non segmented flatworms) are what kind of helminths | trmatoda |
nematodes, filariae, cestoda, trematoda are all in this group of parasites | helminths |
this group of parasites have a hard exoskeleton and jointed appendages | arthropods |
flies, mosquitoes, bugs, lice, and fleas are all what type of arthropods | insects |
ticks, mites, and other ectoparasites are what type of arthropods | arachnids |
these are really not parasites but micropredators | arthropods |
this implies protracted relationship, causing harm, having it for a period of time | parasites |
How are protozoa grouped | mode of transport or movement |
this form is infective for humans | infective form |
this form is seen in the laboratory | diagnostic form |
in protozoa this is the active vegetative form | trophozoite |
troph is another word for what | trophozoite |
in helminths what is the mature stage | adult |
in helminths what is the egg stage | ovum |
what is the plural of ovum | ova |
what does ovum mean | egg |
in Helminths what is the immature stage | larvae |
in protozoa what is the inactive, resistant, infectious form | cyst |
what stool specimen is best for examination | naturally passed |
urine, mineral oil, or radiography contrast media are all what | contamination of stool |
How many specimens are usually needed to detect helminth ova | two |
how many specimens are usually required to detect protozoa | three every other day |
What is the preservatives used to preserve a stool sample | formalin and polyvinyl alcohol |
What does PVA mean | polyvinyl alcohol |
What % of aqueous formaldehyde should be used to preserve fecal specimen | 10% |
What is the feces to formalin ratio | 1:3 |
what type of mount is appropriate for formalin | wet mount |
what type of mount is appropriate for polyvinyl alcohol | permanent smears |
what is the feces to PVA ratio | 1:3 |
What does SAF stand for | sodium acetate acetic acid formalin |
what is normally used in concentration methods | SAF |
sodium acetate acetic acid formalin is shortened to | SAF |
a sodium acetate acetic acid formalin prep is normally | permanent smears |
what specimen should be used in a formalin or PVA mount be | stool |
what specimen should be used in a wright's or giemsa prep | blood |
What prep is normally used to detect ova and larvae of helminths | Formalin iodine wet mount |
what prep is normally used to detect trophs and cysts of protozoa | PVA thin, trichrome |
PVA is stained with what | trichrome |
PVA is used to detect what | trophs and cysts of protozoa |
what is formalin stained with | iodine |
a formalin iodine wet mount is used to detect | ova and larvae (helminths) |
what is a thin smear of blood normally used to detect | protozoa and microfilariae |
what is a thick smear of blood used to detect | malaria |
what is the processing of a formalin prep | concentration |
what is a Para-Pak | stool specimen collection device |
This is stain makes protozoa gray blue to black with Nuclei and cellular inclusions being darker than cytoplasm | iron hematoxylin |
this stain has better contrast than iron hematoxylin, with protozoan trophs and cysts having a blue green to purple cytoplasm and nuclei and inclusions are red to purple red | trichrome |
what color is the background in a trichrome stain | green |