Question | Answer |
kinesiology | the study of movement |
joint articulation | the connecting point of two bones |
arthrology | the study of joints |
3 classifications of joints | synarthroses
amphiarthroses
diarthroses / synovial |
synarthroses joints | immovable joints that lack a synovial and are held together by fibrous connective tissue |
sutures (structural type of a synarthroses joint) | joints where a thin layer of dense, fibrous connective tissue unites the bones of the skull |
syndesmosis (structural type of a synarthroses joint) | slightly movable joints where bones are connected by ligaments |
gomphonses (structural type of a synarthroses joint) | immovable joints in which conical process fits into a socket held in place by ligaments |
amphiarthroses joints | slightly movable joints connected by fibrocartilage (ex. ulna and radius or fibula and tibia) |
fibrocartilage | speciailized connective tissue with thick collagen fibers |
diarthroses joints | freely movable joints; also known as synovial joints |
synovial joints | freely movable joints; also known as diarthroses joints |
articular cartilage | connective tissue covering the ends of long bones |
synovial membrane | a double layer of connective tissue lines joint cavities and produces synovial fluid |
synovial fluid | a lubricating substance found in joint cavities |
pivot joint | a freely movable joint in which a bone moves around a central axis, creating rotational movement |
gliding joint | a freely movable joint that allows bones to make a sliding motion (Ex. carpals of the wrist and the tarsals of the ankles) |
hinge joint | a freely movable joint that allows flexion and extension (Ex. knee, elbow, and phalanges) |
concave | a half-circle-shaped indentation to a surface |
convex | a half-circle-shaped protrusion on a surface |
condyloid or ellipsoidal joint | freely movable joints that allow bones to move about one another in many different directions, but not to rotate (Ex. bones in palm of hand, fingers) |
ball-and-socket joints | freely movable joints in which a rounded end of one bone fits into an indented end of another bone; allows the widest range of motion |
saddle joint | a freely movable joint between two bones with complementary shapes; allows a wide range of motion (thumb is the only saddle joint) |