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BIO205-CH1-Intro
BIO205 - Ch 1 - Microbial World and You - RioSalado - AZ
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Microbes/microorganisms include? | Bacteria, fungi, protozoa, microscopic alge, & viruses (noncellular). |
| Pathogenic | "Disease-producing" |
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae | yeast - used to make bread - belongs to Kingdom Fungi |
| Fermentation | Metabolic process - enzyme degradation of carbs - anaerobic - ex: yeast metabolizes sugars in bread to produce alcohol (ethanol) & CO2. |
| genus, specific epithet | Grouping of one or more species by certain traits - particular species w/in genus - first name always capitalized - italicized |
| Bacteria & archaeans are parth of which domain? | Prokaryotic - Don't have nucleus - greatest metabolic diversity. |
| Bacteria | Simple, single-celled (unicellular) organisms - prokaryote |
| Bacillus | rodlike |
| Coccus | spherical or ovoid |
| Spiral | corkscrew or curved |
| peptidoglycan | Protein & carb complex of cell walls for bacteria |
| archaea | Prokaryotic (no nucleus) - lack peptidoglycan - found in extreme environments - methanogens (produce methane), extreme halophiles (salt-loving), extreme thermophiles (heat loving) |
| Fungi (fungus) | Eukaryotes - uni/multicellular - no photosyn. - lack peptidoglycan - decomposers - digest food outside body then absorb. |
| Yeasts | Fungi, eukaryotes - unicellular & oval - larger than bacteria. |
| Eukaryotes | Have nucleus w/nuclear membrane |
| Domain eukaryotes includes? | Protists, fungi, plants, & animals |
| Protists | Multicellular - have nucleus - seaweeds |
| Plants | Photosynthetic - producers |
| Animals | Ingest tissues or juices - consumers |
| Molds form visible masses called __. | mycelia - long cottony growths |
| Fungi can reproduce __ or __. | sexually or asexually |
| protozoa (protozoan) | Unicellular, eukaryotic microbes - move w/flagella, pseudopods, or cilia - amoebas - free entities or parasites - sexual or asexual |
| algae (alga) | Eukaryotes, photosynthetic, sex/asex, cell walls w/cellulose - photosynthetic - produce O2 & carbs |
| Viruses | acellular - core of DNA or RNA w/protein coat. |
| 3 Domain System | Bacteria (cell wall w/peptidoglycan), archaea (cell wall w/o peptidoglycan), & eukarya |
| How are bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, algae, & viruses distinguished on basis of cellular structure? | Through the 3 domain system. |
| 2 major groups of parasitic worms | flatworms & round worms (helminths) |
| Helminths | round worms - start as microscopic |
| Name 3 types of protists | slime molds, protozoa, & algae |
| Name 3 types of fungi | unicellular yeasts, multicellular molds, & mushrooms |
| Cell theory | All living things are composed of cells - Hooke in 1665 |
| What was Robert Hooke's contribution to biology? | Cell theory |
| What was Anton van Leeuwenhoek's contribution to microbiology? | Observed living bacteria & protozoa - microorganisms |
| Spontaneous generation | Life can arise from nonliving matter. |
| Biogenesis | Life can arise only from preexisting living cells - Virchow 1858 |
| How did Pasteur contribute to aseptic techniques? | Pasteur showed that microbial life can be destroyed by heat & that methods can block access to unwanted microorganisms. |
| aseptic techniques | Techniques that prevent contamination by unwanted organisms. |
| Pasteurization | Heating to kill bacteria |
| Germ theory of disease | Microorganisms cause diease |
| Koch's postulates | Sequence of experimental steps for directly relating a specific microbe to a specific disease. |
| Jenner's contribution was? | Innoculation (cow pox to protect against smallpox) - later vaccination named by Pasteur |
| Chemotherapy | Treatment of disease using chemical substances. |
| Antibiotics are produced by __. | bacteria & fungi |
| Who discovered penicillin? | Fleming 1928 |
| Mycology | Study of fungi |
| Parasitology | Study of protozoa & parasitic worms |
| Genomics | Study of all of an organism's genes |
| recombinant DNA (rDNA) | A DNA molecule produced by combining DNA from 2 different sources. |
| recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology | Manufacturing & manipulating genetic material in vitro - genetic engineering |
| molecular biology | How genetic info is carried in DNA & how DNA directs synthesis of proteins. |
| conjugation | Genetic material transferred from one bacterium to another. |
| List 4 beneficial activities of microorganisms | (1) converting essential elements, (2) sewage treatment, (3) bioremediation, (4) pest control |
| bioremediation | bacteria use pollutants & break them down into less harmful substances. |
| biotechnology | Use of microorganisms to produce common foods & chemicals. |
| List 2 examples of biotechnology | recombinant DNA tech, gene therapy |
| Normal microbiota | "flora" - microorganisms on & inside our bodies. |
| Name 2 jobs performed in our bodies by normal microbiota | (1) prevent diseases by limiting overgrowth by harmful microbes (2) produce Vit K & B |
| EIDs | Emerging infectious diseases - new diseases or changing. |
| H5N1 | Avian influenza A |
| SARS | Severe acute respiratory syndrome - coronavirus |
| WNE | West nile encephalitis - causes encephalitis |
| BSE | Mad cow - bovine spongiform encephalopathy |
| Prion | infectious protein |
| E. coli | Escherichia coli - normal lg. intesting inhabitant - produces certain vitamins - some can cause diarrhea E. coli 0157:H7 |
| IGAS - group A streptococcus | Flesh eating bacteria - Invasive Group A Strep |
| EHF | Ebola hemorrhagic fever |
| HIV destroys what? | CD4 lymphocytes |
| Most __ have a peptidoglycan cell wall. | bacteria have them. |
| 2 types of chemotherapeutic agents | Synthetic drugs & antibiotics |
Created by:
Ladystorm
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