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Respiratory System
Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| (T/F) - The resp system consists of the respiratory zone and the confucting zone? | True |
| The resp zone is the site of _____ exchange? | Gas |
| The resp zone consists of ____ ____, ____ ____, ____? | Resp bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli |
| The conducting zone conducts ____? | Air |
| The conducting zone includes all structures from the ____ to the ____ ____? | Nose; terminal bronchioles |
| Resp system function is the supply the body with ____ and dispose of ____ ____? | Oxygen; carbon dioxide |
| What are the four processes of the resp system? | Pulmonary ventilation, external respiration, transport, internal respiration |
| What is pulmonary ventilation? | Moving air into and out of the lungs |
| What is external respiration? | Gas exchange between the lungs and the blood |
| What is the transport process of the respiratory system? | The transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs, tissues, and blood |
| What is internal respiration? | The gas exchange between blood and tissues |
| The following are the functions of what respiratory organ: providing an airway for respiration, moisten, warm, and filter inspired air, resonation of sound, olfaction? | The nose |
| The nasal cavity lies ____ and ____ to the external nose? | In and posterior |
| The nasal cavity is divided by a midline called the ____ ____? | Nasal septum |
| The nasal cavity opens posteriorly into the ____ ____? | Nasal pharynx |
| The ____ and ____ bones form the roof of the nasal cavity? | Ethmoid and sphenoid |
| The floor of the nasal cavity is formed by the ____ ____ and the ____ ____? | Hard palate; soft palate |
| The nasal cavity lining contains ____ ____ skin, ____ mucose, and ____ mucosa? | Hair bearing; olfactory, respiratory |
| What is the function of hair bearing skin? | Filter air |
| The olfactory mucosa contains ____ receptors? | Smell |
| The respiratory mucosa is made of ____ ____ ____ epithelium? | Psuedostratified Columnar Ciliated |
| The respiratory mucosa contains glands that secrete ____? | Mucus |
| The respiratory mucosa glands that secrete mucus contain ____ and ____ to help destroy bacteria? | Lysozyme; defensins |
| The lateral wall of the nasal cavity contains ____ ____, ____ ____, and ____ ____which protrude medially? | Superior concha, middle concha, inferior concha |
| The concha increase mucosal ____ ____ and air ____? | Surface area; turbulence |
| What are the four paranasal sinuses? | Frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, maxillary |
| Paranasal sinuses are ____-lined and ____ filled spaces? | Mucus; air |
| What is the function of the paranasal sinuses? | Lighten the skull and help to warm and moisten the air |
| The ____ is funnel shaped; connects the nasal cavity and mouth superiorly to the larynx and esophagus inferiorly? | Pharynx |
| The pharynx is divided into what three regions? | Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx |
| The nasopharynx is strictly an ____ ____? | Air passage |
| The nasopharynx is lined with ____ ____ epithelium? | Psuedostratified columnar |
| The nasopharynx closes during swallowing to prevent food from entering the ____ cavity? | Nasal |
| The ____ tonsil lies high on the posterior wall of the nasopharynx? | Pharyngeal |
| What is another name for the pharyngeal tonsil? | Adenoids |
| ____ ____ from the middle ears open into the lateral walls of the nasopharynx? | Auditory tubes |
| The ____ extends from the level of the soft palate to the root of the tongue? | Oropharynx |
| The oropharynx opens to the oral cavity via the ____ of the ____ fauces? | Isthmus of the fauces |
| The oropharync is line with ____ ____ epithelium? | Stratified squamous |
| ____ tonsils lie in the lateral wall of the fauces? | Palatine |
| ____ tonsils lie at the base of the tongue? | Lingual |
| The ____ pharynx lies posterior to the upright epiglottis? | Laryngopharynx |
| The laryngopharynx is lined with ____ ____ epithelium? | Stratified squamous |
| The ____ pharynx leads into the larynx and the esophagus? | Laryngopharynx |
| The three functions of the ____ are to provide an airway, act as a switching mechanism to route air and food into the proper channels, function in voice productions? | Larynx (voicebox) |
| What are the three main cartilages of the larynx? | Epiglottis, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage |
| The ____ is an elastic cartilage that covers the laryngeal inlet during swallowing? | Epiglottis |
| The ____ ____ has a midline laryngeal prominence (Adam's apple)? | Thyroid cartilage |
| The ____ ____ contains three pairs of small cartilages called arytenoid, cuneiform, and corniculate? | Cricoid cartilage |
| What are the two types of vocal cords called? | True and false vocal cords |
| True vocal cords and the medial opening between them form the ____? | Glottis |
| _____ is inflammation of the vocal cords? | Laryngitis |
| False vocal cords are mucosal folds (inferior/superior) and (medial/lateral) to the true vocal cords? | Superior; lateral |
| (True/False) vocal cords vibrate to produce sound as air passes? | True vocal cords |
| (True/false) vocal cords have no part in sound production; help close the glottis during swallowing? | Fals vocal cords |
| ____ maneuver is when air is temporatily held in the lower respiratory tract by closing the glottis. This causes intra-abd pressure to (fall/rise)? | Valsalva's maneuver; rise |
| Valsalva's maneuver can help with what three functions? | Defecation, lifting heavy objects, child birth |
| The ____'s framework is made of C-shaped rings of cartilage? | Trachea |
| The ____ is the last tracheal cartilage. Marks the end of the trachea and beginning of the bronchi? | Carina |
| Approx how many times do the air passages of the lungs branch? | 23 |
| The trachea divides to form the _____? | Right and left main (primary) bronchi |
| Once inside the lungs, each main bronchus divides into ____? | Lobar (secondary) bronchi |
| The lobar bronchi branch into _____? | Segmental (tertiary) bronchi |
| Passages smaller than 1mm diameter are called ____? | Bronchioles |
| Passages smaller than 0.5mm diameter are called ____? | Terminal bronchioles |
| The lobar (secondary) bronchi supply air to what part of the lung? | Each supply a lung lobe |
| The segmental (tertiary) bronchi supply air the what part of the lung? | Each supply one bronchopulmonary segment |
| Which primary bronchus is more vertical? Because of this it is more common for an inhaled foreign object to become lodged. | Right |
| The resp zone begins as the ____ ____ and feed into the ____ ____ within the lung? | Terminal bronchioles; respiratory bronchioles |
| The respiratory bronchioles lead into winding ____ ____? | Alveolar ducts |
| The alveoli ducts lead into terminal clusters of alveoli called ____ ____? | Alveolar sacs |
| Where is the site of gas exchange? | Alveoli |
| What is the comparison of the alveolar sac and alveoli to grapes? | Alveolar sac-bunch of grapes / Alveoli-individual grapes |
| What accounts for most of the lung volume and provide tremendous surface area for gas exchange? | Alveoli |
| There are approx how many gas-filled alveoli? | 300 million |
| The walls of the alveoli are composed primarily of a single layer of squamous epithelial called called ____ ___? | Type I cells |
| The external surfaces of the alveoli are densly covered with a "cobweb" of ____ ____? | Pulmonary capillaries |
| Gas exchanges occur readily by simple diffustion across the ____ ____? | Respiratory membrane |
| Scattered amid the type I aquamous cells tha tform the major part of the alveolar walls are cubiodal ____ ___ cells? | Type II cells |
| Type II cells secrete ____? | Surfactant |
| ____ is a detergent-like substance. Its role is to reduce the surface tension of the alveolar fluid. | Surfactant |
| The ____ occupy all of the thoracic cavity except the mediastinum? | Lungs |
| The ____ is the site of vascular and bronchial attachments? | Lung root |
| The anterior, lateral, posterior lung surfaces lie in close contact with the ribs and form the continuously curving ____ ____? | Costal surface |
| Just deep to the clavicle is the ____, the narrow superior tip of the lung? | Apex |
| The concave, inferior surface that rests on the diaphragm is the ____? | Base |
| On the mediastinal surface of each lung is an indentation, the ____, through which pulmonary and systemic blood vessels, bronchi, lymphatic vessels, and nerves enter and leave the lungs? | Hilum |
| The ____ ____ is a concavity in the left lung that accomodates the heart? | Cardiac notch |
| The (left/right) lung is subdivided into superior and inferior lobes by the ____ fissure? | Left; oblique |
| The (left/right) lung is subdivided into superior, middle, and inferior lobes by the ____ and ____ fissures? | Right; oblique; horizontal |
| Each lobe contains pyramid-shaped ____ ____ separated from each other by a conncetive tissue called ____? | Bronchopulmonary segments; septa |
| How many bronchopulmonary segments does each lung contain? | 10 |
| Each bronchopulmonary segment receives air from which level of bronchus? | Tertiary |
| The lungs are perfused by what two circulations? | Pulmonary and Bronchial |
| Systemic venous blood that is to be oxygenated in the lungs is delivered by the ____ ____? | Pulmonary arteries |
| Freshly oxygenated blood is conveyed from the respiratory zone of the lungs to the heart by the ____ ____? | Pulmonary veins |
| The ____ ____ provide systemic blood to all of the lung tissue except ____? | Bronchial arteries; alveoli |
| The ____ is the thin, double-layered serosal membranes? | Pleurae |
| The (visceral / parietal) pleura covers the thoracic wall and superior surface of the diaphragm. It continues around the mediastinum and between the lungs? | Parietal pleura |
| The (parietal / visceral) pleura covers the exteral lung surface? | Visceral pleura |
| The pleurae produce ____ ____? | Pleural fluid |
| Pleural fluid is contained in the ____ ____? | Pleural cavity |
| The mediastinum contains what five major organs? | Heart, great vessels of the heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus |
| The mediastinum extends from the ____ in front to the ____ ____ in back? | Sternum; vertebral column |
Created by:
kmking
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