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The Heart

Topic 1.1 Heart and The Cardiac Cycle.

QuestionAnswer
Systole Contraction of the Heart Muscles
Diastole Relaxation of the Hearth Muscles
(Wiggers) Phoncardiogram A graph showing the sounds produced by a beating heart.
(Wiggers) Ventricular Pressure The pressure in the Left ventricle
(Wiggers) Ventricular Volume The volume of blood in the Left Ventricle.
(Wiggers) Atrial pressure The pressure in the atria
(Wiggers) Aortic Pressure The pressure in the Aorta.
Left Ventricle Pumps Oxygenated blood into the Aorta
Right Ventricle Pumps deoxygenated blood into the Pulmonary Artery.
Left Atrium Receives Oxygenated blood from the Pulmonary Vein.
Right Atrium Receives Deoxygenated blood from the Superior Vena cava.
(Muscular Wall Thickness Comparison) Left Ventricle and Right Ventricle The left ventricle has a much thicker Muscular wall because it has to pump much harder to pump blood to the whole body where the right ventricle only pumps to the lungs.
(Muscular Wall Thickness Comparison) Atria to the Ventricles The ventricles have a much great wall thickness compared to the atria as the Ventricles are pumping blood into the body and lungs where the Atria are receiving the blood back from the body and lungs.
Coronary Arteries Supply the heart with blood.
Cardiac Muscle This type of muscle is only found in the heart. Unlike other types of muscle, cardiac muscle never gets tired. It works automatically and constantly without ever pausing to rest.
P-Wave The Sinoatrial Node sends Action Potential across the muscles of both Atria, causing them to depolarise and contract. Inducing Atrial Systole.
What is the name of the node in WALL of the right Atrium? The Sinoatrial Node, (SA Node).
What is the name of the Node in the FLOOR of the right Atrium? The Atrioventricular node (AV Node)
QRS Complex: The action potential reaches the Atrioventricular node and actions potentials spread across the purkinje fibres in the ventricles, this causes the ventricle muscles to rapidly depolarise and contract, forcing blood out of the heart into the body and lungs
T Wave: Shows the repolarisation of the Ventricle muscles.
When does the AV (atrioventricular) / Bicuspid valve close? The AV valve closes shortly after the action potential from the AV node causes the Ventricle muscles to contract and blood pressure increases in the left ventricle.
When does the AV valve open? The AV valve opens when the blood pressure in the Ventricle becomes lower than in the Atrium, allowing for blood to flow into the ventricle.
When does the Aortic valve open? The Aortic valve opens when the blood pressure in the ventricle is greater than the blood pressure in the Aorta, allowing for blood to flow into the Aorta.
When does the Aortic Valve close? The Aortic Valve closes when the pressure in the ventricle becomes less than the pressure in the Aorta, this prevents backflow of blood into the heart.
Purkinje Fibres Carry the action potential from the AV node to the Ventricular muscle, causing the ventricles to contract.
Pulmonary Valve The valve between the Right ventricle and the Pulmonary Artery.
Superior Vena Cava Carries deoxygenated blood to the right atrium from the upper body.
Inferior vena cava Carries deoxygenated blood to the right atrium from the lower body.
Aorta Carries oxygenated blood from the Left Ventricle to the body.
What is the Aortic Valve (Mitrial Valve). The valve between the the Left Ventricle and the Aorta.
Atrioventricular Valve (Bicuspid Valve) The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle. Opens depending on pressure.
Tricuspid Valve The valve between the Right Atrium and the Right Ventricle.
Pulmonary Artery Carries deoxygenated blood to the Lungs for oxygenation.
Pulmonary Vein Carries oxygenated blood to the left atrium.
Which ventricle has more muscle mass? Why? The left ventricle has great muscle mass because it is required to pump blood to the entire body, compared to the left which only pumps blood to the lungs.
Created by: mjwilson1988
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