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prologue
the early psychologists
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Buddha | how do sensations and perceptions combine to make ideas? |
| Confucious | stressed the power of ideas and education |
| Ancient Israelies | the mind and emotions are linked to the body |
| Early Thinkers | Buddha, Confucius, and Ancient Israelites |
| Ancient Philosophers | Socrates and Plato and Aristotle |
| What did Socrates and Plato believe in? | the mind is separate from the body and continues after the body dies; you are born with knowledge (nature); both were driven by logic |
| What did Aristotle believe? | knowledge isn't inate (nurture), the mind and body aren't separated, driven by observation and data |
| Modern Philosophers | Rene Decarte, Sir Francis Bacon, John Locke |
| Rene Decarte | father of neuroscience, a french philosopher from the 1600s, dissected animal brains and found folds and fluids in the skull; spirits |
| Sir Francis Bacon | British philosopher, founder of the Scientific Method |
| John Locke | believed knowledge is not inate and wrote a book, "the blank slate", and empricism |
| Empricism | (concrete data)- the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should rely on observation and experimentation |
| First psychology experiment | done by Willhelm Wundt in Germany, 1879 |
| Edward Titchner | a student of Wundt and a professor in Cornel University. Introduced structuralism and interspection, but his method was subjective |
| William James | founded functionalism and followed the teachings of Charles Darwin. He encouraged the study of emotions, memories, willpower, and consciousness |
| Psychology | the science of behavior and mental processes |
| structuralism | the use of introspection to explore the structure of the human mind |
| functionalism | focuses on how our mental/behavior processes function in our environment |
| gestalt | looks as objects as awhole |
| cognitive | how we process, encode, and store information |
| humanistic | how we meet our needs for love/acceptance to achieve self-fulfillment |
| psycholoanalytic | how our childhood experiences impact our unconscious mind, choices, and behavior |
| behavioral | how we learn through observation and response |
| social cultural | how behavior and thinking vary across cultures and situations |
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