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Anat and Phys W1
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Anatomy | The structure of an organism |
Physiology | The study of the function of the organism and its parts. Also, the forces exerted and the potentials that exist. |
What are the five categories of "anatomy?" | 1) Clinical - the treatment of diseases 2) Descriptive - character, form, size, position of organs and parts - not related to diseases 3) Gross - things that are visible to the naked eye 4) Microscopic 5) Developmental - from conception to adulthood |
What are the 3 categories of the building blocks for an organism? | 1) Tissues 2) Organs 3) Systems |
What are the 4 categories of TISSUES? | 1) Epithelial - surface/protective layer 2) Connective - support 3) Muscular - stimulated when contracted 4) Nervous - communicative |
What are the three categories of joints? | 1) Synarthoses - immoveable 2) Amphiarthroidal - partially moveable 3) Diarthroidal - moveable (most common) |
Condyle | A rounded prominence at the end of a bone, most often for articulation with another bone. |
Foramen | A natural opening or passage, especially one into or through a bone. |
Fossa | A hollow or depression, especially on the surface of the end of a bone, |
Head | The proximal articular end of the bone. |
Neck | The region of bone between the head and the shaft. |
Meatus | A body opening or passage, especially the external opening of a canal. |
Process | A relatively large projection or prominent bump. |
Sinus | A cavity within a cranial bone. |
Spine | A relatively long, thin projection or bump. |
Rostral/Caudal | Head/Tail* (may be interchangeable in humans) |
Dorsal/Ventral | Back/Belly |
Lateral/Medial | Side/Middle |
Anterior/Posterior | Front/Back |
Superior/Inferior | Top/Bottom* (may be interchangeable in humans) |
Proximal/Distal | Close/Distant |
Superficial/Deep | Surface/Deep |
Internal/External | Inside/Outside |
Sinister/Dexter | Left/Right |
Peripheral/Central | non-CNS/CNS |
Afferent/Efferent | Toward the brain/Away from the brain |
Peripheral Nervous System | Away from the center; outside of CNS; cranial nerves are not a part of CNS; 12 cranial nerves; 31 spinal nerves |
Central Nervous System | Situated at or pertaining to center; principal or controlling; includes brainstem and spinal cord |
Why is the pia mater important? | Pia Mater (adheres to cortical surface - cerebral spinal fluid flows b/w the arachnoid and pia mater) |
What is the basic central auditory system pathway? | Cochlea -> Auditory Nerve -> Cochlear Nucleus -> Superior Olivary Complex -> Lateral Lemniscus -> Inferior Colliculus -> Medial Geniculate Body -> Auditory Radiation -> Heshl's Gyrus in Temporal Lobe -> Corpus Callosum |
What are the Cranial Nerves? | I - Olfactory; II - Optic; III - Oculomotor; IV - Trochlear; V - Trigeminal; VI - Abducens; VII - Facial; VIII - Auditory (Vestibular); IX - Glossopharyngeal; X - Vagus; XI - Spinal Accessory; XII - Hypoglossal |
Which cranial nerves are sensory, motor, or, both? | I - sensory; II - Sensory; III - Motor; IV - Motor; V - Both; VI - Motor; VII - Both; VIII - Sensory; IX - Both; X - Both; XI - Motor; XII - Motor |
What is a mnemonic device for knowing the cranial nerves? | On Old Olympus' Towering Top A Fin And German Viewed Some Hops. |
What does the trigeminal (CN V) innervate? | Tensor tympani for malleus Tensor Veli palatini for eustachian tube Ear canal |
What does the facial nerve (CN VII) innervate? | Chorda tympani in TM Stapedius muscle in middle ear Courses alongside CN VIII Ear canal and many facial structures |
What does the auditory (CN VIII) innervate? | Hearing Vestibular system |
What does the glossopharyngeal (CN IX) innervate? | Ear canal Middle ear lining |
What does the vagus (CN X) innervate? | Levator veli palatini for eustachian tube Ear canal |
What is a mnemonic device for knowing the cranial nerves being sensory, motor, or both? | Some Say Marry Money, But My Brother Says Big Business Makes Money. |
What are the types of connective tissue? | Areolar - Cushion surrounding organs, connecting tissues, & supporting blood vessels are a few of the functions. Bone - hardest connective tissue. Blood - arise from the marrow; suspended in a matrix of plasma Fibrous - binds structures together. |
Which nerves are play a role within the ear? | Cranial nerves: V (trigeminal); VII (facial); VIII (auditory/versitbular); IX (glossopharyngeal); and X (vagus) |