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Chem. in Biology (6)
Chapter 6.2/6.4 Vocabulary- CHS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| chemical reaction | the process by which atoms or groups of atoms in substances are reorganized into different substances. |
| reactant | the substance that exists before a chemical reaction starts; located on the left side of the arrow |
| product | substance formed by a chemical reaction; located on the right side of the arrow |
| activation energy | minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical equation |
| catalyst | substance that speeds up a chemical reaction by reducing the activation energy |
| enzyme | protein that speeds up a biological reaction by lowering the activation energy needed to start the reaction |
| substrate | reactant to which an enzyme bonds |
| active site | specific place where a substrate binds on an enzyme |
| macromolecule | large molecule formed by joining smaller organic molecules together |
| polymer | large molecule formed from smaller repeating units of identical, or nearly identical, compounds linked by covalent bonds |
| carbohydrate | organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom. |
| lipid | hydrophobic biological molecule composed mostly of carbon and hydrogen; fats, oils, and waxes are lipids |
| protein | organic compound made of amino acids joined by peptide bonds; primary building blocks of organisms |
| amino acid | carbon compound joined by peptide bonds; building block of proteins |
| nucleic acid | complex macromolecule that stores and communicates genetic information |
| nucleotide | a subunit of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base |
| covalent bond | a type of chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons |