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Marine Biology-#1
Marine Biology- Module 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Oceanic Crust | The portion of the earth's crust that primarily contains basalt, is relatively dense, and is about 5 kilometers thick |
| Continental Crust | The portion of the earth's crust that primarily contains granite, is less dense than oceanic crust, and is 20 to 50 kilometers thick |
| Plate tectonics | A process involving the movement of large plates on the earth's mantle. |
| Mid-ocean ridge | A continuous chain of underwater volcanic mountains encompassing the earth ocean ridges. |
| Seafloor spreading | The process that creates new sea floor as an area moves away from the mid-ocean ridges. |
| Subduction | The downward movement of one plate into the earth's mantle when two plates collide. |
| Continental shelf | The gently sloped, shallow section of the edge of a continent, extending from the shore to the point where the slope gets steeper. |
| Continental slope | The steeper section of a continental edge, extending seaward from the continental shelf. |
| Continental rise | The gently sloping area at the base of the continental slope. |
| Specific heat | The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of a sunstance by 1.00 degress Celsius |
| Salinity | The total amount of salt dissolved in a solvent. |
| Coriolis effect | The way in which the rotation of the earth bends the path of winds and resulting sea currents. |
| Gyres | Large, mostly circular systems of surface currents driven by the wind. |
| Spring tide | A time of largest tidal range due to the gravitational pull of the aligned sun and moon (during full moon and a new moon) |
| Neap tide | A time of smallest tidal range due to the moon and sun being located at right angles to each other (during quarter moons) |
| Name the 4 large ocean basins of the world in order of increasing size. | The four large ocean basins of the world in order of increasing size are the Arctic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean |
| Geologically speaking, what are the differences between the crust of the "oceans" and the crust of the "continents"? | The differences between these types of crust are the chemical and physical composition of the rocks. Whether or not that are covered by water is irrelevant. Oceanic crust contains basalt and is denser and thinner than continental crust, contains granite |
| If a specific location in the world is known for experiencing a large amount of earthquakes throughout modern history, what would you propose is occurring in the earths crust underneath that area? | Two plates are probably moving relative to one another underneath that location. |
| Given the fact that most of the deep ocean trenches in creation are located in the Pacific Ocean, what is the main type of plate interaction occurs in that ocean? | The subduction must be occurring in the Pacific Ocean. |
| Ocean crust is constantly being destroyed and reformed. Considering the four large ocean basins in the world, which ocean has the most oceanic crust formation? | Oceanic crust formation occurs mostly in the Atlantic Ocean. Oceanic crust destruction mostly occurs in in the Pacific Ocean. |
| Although there is a large surface area under the oceans of the earth, in which main region of the ocean bottom do you find the most marine life | Continental shelf |
| What one major property of water helps it hold its molecules together, keeping it from having severely colder boiling and freezing temperatures? | Hydrogen boding |
| If a marine organism lives in an area where there are drastic changes in the weather resulting in extremely high and low air temperatures, what property of water prevents the organism from "feeling" such changes? | Water has a high specific heat |
| What will happen to the water near the ocean surface if a portion experiences excess evaporation? What will happen if that portion experiences a large drop in temperature? | Evaporation will result in in greater salinity of the water left behind. Then the water will then become denser and could begin to sink to a lower level in the ocean. A drop in temperature will do the same thing, --> |
| Because colder water is denser than warmer water. | ---> |
| Why is the ocean blue? | The wavelengths of blue light can penetrate much deeper than those of other colors. Also, the blue sky reflects off the surface of the ocean. |
| A fisherman was deep-sea fishing and pulled up a large bottom-dwelling grouper he had hooked. He was able to bring the fish up to the surface very quickly, but was surprised to see that the fish was extremely bloated (puffed up) and did not survive --> | the stress of coming to the surface. What happened? |
| Its body was acclimated to the extra pressure of water above its habitat. When it was brought to the surface very quickly, the gases in its body experienced much less pressure so they expanded, resulting in its bloated look, and caused it to die. | --->:D |
| Why do winds not move in a straight line on the earth? | Coriolis effect |
| Suppose the earth rotated opposite of the direction it currently rotates. What effect would that have on the directions of the gyres shown in figure 1.16? | The gyres would flow in the opposite direction |
| Where do water molecules move in a surface wave? | In a circle motion under the water and back up to their original position |
| During which phase of the moon are the tidal ranges the largest and why? | During the full moon or new moon. |
| Describe the two major layers of the deep ocean and the feature that separates them. | The surface layer is a well mixed layer exposed to wind and currents and is generally warmer in temperature. The deep layer is uniformly cold and much thicker than the surface layer. The thermocline separates them and is a transitional zone between them |
Created by:
mitzifountain1
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