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Biotech

TermDefinition
Gel electrophoresis To sort cut up sections of DNA by length of base pairs.
Gene cloning The process of making large quantities of a piece of DNA once it has been isolated.
Recombinant DNA techniques Techniques used to rearrange and isolate sections of DNA. The process involves restriction digests and ligation.
Restriction digest Uses restriction enzymes (developed in bacteria as a defense mechanism) to cut DNA at specific recognition sites of 4-8 bases. Can leave blunt or sticky ends.
7 steps of cloning 1) Identity the gene 2) Extract DNA with required gene. 3) Isolate gene sequence 4) Design transgene 5) Transform cells of organism to be cloned. 6) select for transgene-positive cells. 7) Clone organism from the survivors.
Genomic library A large sample of plasmids, each containing large amounts of the desired DNA
Gene sequencing Determines the precise order of the genes and bases in a sample of DNA.
Transgene The new gene, created by scientists. Prefaced by a selectable marker gene and promoter sequence and followed by the termination sequence.
Gene splicing or transformation Insertion of the transgene into the nucleus of the
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