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Biology 11 Ch 3
Multicellular Diversity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| alga (plural algae) | a unicellular or multicellular photosynthetic, aquatic protist |
| plant | a multicellular photosynthetic eukaryote with cellulose-based cell walls |
| embryo | an organism’s early pre-birth stage of development |
| sporic reproduction | sexual reproduction that alternates between a gamete-making individual and a sporemaking individual |
| gametophyte | the haploid plant in sporic reproduction that produces gametes by mitosis |
| sporophyte | the diploid plant in sporic reproduction that produces spores by meiosis |
| bryophyte | a small, non-vascular land plant; the formal name Bryophyta is reserved for the mosses, one group of bryophytes |
| gymnosperm | a vascular plant with non-enclosed seeds |
| angiosperm | a vascular plant with seeds enclosed in protective tissue |
| cone | a gymnosperm structure that contains male or female reproductive parts |
| flower | a collection of structures in angiosperms used for sexual reproduction |
| fruit | a mature ovary of a flower that protects and disperses dormant seeds |
| monocot | a major cluster of flowering plants that have one cotyledon |
| dicot | a major cluster of flowering plants that have two cotyledons |
| fungus (plural fungi) | a stationary, heterotrophic eukaryotic organism whose cell walls contain chitin |
| hypha (plural hyphae) | a multicellular, threadlike filament that makes up the basic structural unit of a fungus |
| mycelium (plural mycelia) | a complex, net-like mass made of branching hyphae |
| fruiting body | the spore-producing reproductive structure in fungi |
| zygospore | a diploid structure that develops after two haploid hyphae of opposite types combine and fuse their nuclei; this structure is characteristic of zygospore fungi that reproduce sexually during unfavourable conditions |
| ascus (plural asci) | a small finger-like structure in which sac fungi develop spores |
| basidium (plural basidia) | a club-shaped hypha found in members of the Basidiomycotes; they bear spores called basidiospores |
| lichen | an organism that results from a mutualistic relationship between a fungus and a photosynthetic plant or alga |
| invertebrate | an animal that does not have a backbone |
| vertebrate | an animal with an internal skeleton and a backbone |
| radial symmetry | a body plan that can be divided along any plane, through a central axis, into roughly equal halves |
| bilateral symmetry | a body plan that can be divided along one plane, through the central axis, into equal halves |
| coelom | a fluid-filled body cavity that provides space for the development and suspension of organs and organ systems |
| segmentation | the division of multicellular bodies into a series of repetitive parts |
| polyp | the tube-shaped sessile body form of cnidarians |
| medusa | the umbrella shaped, free-swimming body form of cnidarians |
| mantle | a membrane that surrounds a mollusc’s internal organs |
| exoskeleton | an external skeleton that protects organs, provides support for muscle attachment, and protects against water loss and predation |
| notochord | a flexible, rod-shaped structure found in chordate animals; during vertebrate development it is replaced by the spine |
| cartilage | the flexible, non-bony, tough material found in vertebrate endoskeletons |
| tetrapod | a vertebrate with two pairs of limbs; an amphibian, reptile, bird, or mammal |
| ectothermy | the reliance on environmental heat for determining internal body temperature |
| endothermy | the use of metabolic heat to maintain a high, constant body temperature |
| mammary gland | a mammalian gland that produces and secretes milk for nourishing developing young |
| placenta | an organ in the pregnant uterus that exchanges nutrients and oxygen between the mother and developing offspring |
| mass extinction | a large-scale dying out of a large percentage of all living organisms within an area over a short time |
| biodiversity | crisis the current decline in genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity that may represent a mass extinction |
| modelling | a scientific method in which an idea about a mechanism is formulated and real-life data are then used to see if the data fit the model |
| temperature sex determination | a system in which the sex of offspring is determined by incubation temperature rather than by genes |
Created by:
marsenault
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