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AP Biology

Chapter 6 vocab-a walk through the cell

QuestionAnswer
Flagellum Locomotion organelle present in some animal cells; composed of membrane enclosed microtubules
Endoplasmic Reticulum Network of membranous sacs and tubes; active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes; has rough and smooth regions
Centrosome Region where the ell’s microtubules are initiated; in an animal cell, contains a pair of centrioles (Function unknown). Centrioles are not present in plant cells
Cytoskeleton Reinforces cell’s shape, functions in cell movement; components are made of protein
Microvilli Projections that increase the cell’s surface area
Peroxisome Organelle with various specialized metabolic functions; produces hydrogen peroxide
Mitochondrion Organelle where cellular respiration occurs and most ATP is generated.
Lysosome Digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed
Golgi Apparatus Organelle active in synthesis, modification, sorting, and secretion of cell products
Nuclear Envelope Double membrane enclosing the nucleus; perforated by pores; continuous with ER
Nucleolus Nonmembranous organelle involved in production of ribosomes; a nucleus has one or more nucleoli
Chromatin Material consisting of DNA and proteins; visible as individual chromosomes in a dividing cell
Plasma Membrane Membrane enclosing the cell
Ribosomes Nonmembranous organelles that make proteins, free in cytoplasm or bound to rough ER or nuclear envelope
Golgi Apparatus Organelle active in synthesis, modification, sorting, and secretion of cell products
Cell Wall Outer layer that maintains cell’s shape and protects cell from mechanical damage; made of cellulose other polysaccharides, and protein.
Plasmodesmata Channels through cell walls that connect the cytoplasms of adjacent cells
Chloroplast Photosynthetic organelle; converts energy of sunlight to chemical energy stored in sugar molecules
Central Vacuole Prominent organelle in older plant cells; functions include storage, breakdown of waste products, hydrolysis or macromolecules; enlargement of vacuole is a major mechanism of plant growth
Tonoplast Membrane enclosing the central vacuole
Created by: swimifishi
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