click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Meosis Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Somatic Cell | body cell (non-reproductive) |
| homologous chromosomes | carry genes for same trait (1 from mom, 1 from dad) |
| sex chromosomes | 23rd chromosome. X or Y. male: XY female: XX |
| autosomes | chromosomes 1-22 |
| dipolid cell | double amount of chromosomes that exist in homologous pairs (dipolid # for human is 46) |
| somate | regular body cell (all but egg and sperm) |
| haploid cell | half amount of chromosomes because there are no pairs (haploid # in human is 23) |
| gamete | reproductive cell (egg and sperm) |
| fertilization | when the egg and sperm unite |
| zygote | the first cell that results from fertilization |
| meiosis | cell division that produces gametes, 2 cell divisions (haploids and diploids) |
| tetrads | overlapped chromosomes during crossingover |
| synapsis | formation of tetrad |
| crossingover | exchange of genes between homologous sister chromatids |
| chiasma | overlap sites during crossover |
| genetic recombination | new crossed over chromatids are genetically recombined |
| karyotype | picture of paired chromosomes to see monosomy or trisomy |
| trisomy 21 | extra chromosome in the 21st paired chromosome |
| down syndrome | condition from trisomy 21 |
| non-disjunction | chromosomes don't seperate correctly in meiosis |
| non-disjunction of sex chromosomes | less severe than autosomes but can't have no X |
| polyplody in plants | not problematic, can lead new enhanced species |
| deletion | piece of chromosome removed |
| duplication | piece of chromosome has 2 copies |
| inversion | order of genes on chromosome changed |
| translocation | crossingover between non-homologous chromosomes |