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Meosis Biology
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Somatic Cell | body cell (non-reproductive) |
homologous chromosomes | carry genes for same trait (1 from mom, 1 from dad) |
sex chromosomes | 23rd chromosome. X or Y. male: XY female: XX |
autosomes | chromosomes 1-22 |
dipolid cell | double amount of chromosomes that exist in homologous pairs (dipolid # for human is 46) |
somate | regular body cell (all but egg and sperm) |
haploid cell | half amount of chromosomes because there are no pairs (haploid # in human is 23) |
gamete | reproductive cell (egg and sperm) |
fertilization | when the egg and sperm unite |
zygote | the first cell that results from fertilization |
meiosis | cell division that produces gametes, 2 cell divisions (haploids and diploids) |
tetrads | overlapped chromosomes during crossingover |
synapsis | formation of tetrad |
crossingover | exchange of genes between homologous sister chromatids |
chiasma | overlap sites during crossover |
genetic recombination | new crossed over chromatids are genetically recombined |
karyotype | picture of paired chromosomes to see monosomy or trisomy |
trisomy 21 | extra chromosome in the 21st paired chromosome |
down syndrome | condition from trisomy 21 |
non-disjunction | chromosomes don't seperate correctly in meiosis |
non-disjunction of sex chromosomes | less severe than autosomes but can't have no X |
polyplody in plants | not problematic, can lead new enhanced species |
deletion | piece of chromosome removed |
duplication | piece of chromosome has 2 copies |
inversion | order of genes on chromosome changed |
translocation | crossingover between non-homologous chromosomes |