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Genetics
9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| genetics | is the field of biology devoted to understanding how characteristics are transmitted form parents to offspring |
| heredity | the transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring |
| trait | is a genetically determined variant of a characteristic, such as yellow flower color |
| pollination | occurs when pollen grains produced in male reproductive parts of a flower, called anthers, are transerred to the female reproductive part of a flower, called the stigma. |
| self-pollination | occurs when pollen is transferred form the anthers of a flower to the stigma of either that flower or another flower on the same plant |
| cross-pollination | occurs between flowers of two plants |
| true-breeding | pure for a trait always produce offspring with that trait when they self-pllinate |
| P generation | true breeding parents |
| F1 generation | offspring of the P generation the first filial generation |
| F2 generation | the second filial generation |
| dominant | |
| recessive | |
| the law of independent assortment | states that factors that separate independently of one another during the formation of gametes |
| molecular genetics | the study of the structure and function of chromosomes and genes |
| genotype | an organicms genetic makeup |
| allele | each of two or more alternative forms of a gene |
| phenotype | an organims appearance |
| homozygous | when both allels of a pair are alike |
| heterozygous | whennthe two alleles in the pair are different |
| probability | is the likelihood that a specific event will occur |
| monohybrid cross | a cross in which only one characteristic is tracked |
| punnett square | biologists use this to aid them in predicting the probable distribution of inherited traits in the offspring |
| genotypic ratio | the raito of the genotypes that appear in offspring |
| phenotypic ratio | the ratio of the offspring's phenotypic ratio of the cross represented |
| testcross | an idividual of unknown genotype is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual can determine the genotype of any individual whose phenotype expresses the dominant trait |
| complete dominance | one allele completely dominant over another |
| imcomplete dominance | occurs when the phenotype of a heterozygote is intermediate between the phenotypes determined by the dominant and recessive traits |
| codominance | occurs when both alleles for a gene are expressed in a heterozygous offspring |
| dihybrid cross | a cross in which two characteristics are tracked |
Created by:
ebelingj14
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