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Psychology Chapter 9

Ch. 9

QuestionAnswer
What is Emotion?? a positive or negative experience that is associated with a particular pattern of physiological activity
The Emotional Body? James James-Lange theory: stimuli trigger activity in the autonomic nervous system, which in turn produces an emotional experience in the brain (Theory= Emotional Stimulus>>Physiological Arousal>>>Experienced Emotion)
The Emotional Body? Cannon Cannon-Bard theory: a stimulus simultaneously triggers activity in the autonomic nervous system and emotional experience in the brain. Theory= Emotional Stimulus Experienced Emotion Physiological Experienc
The Emotional body? Two-Factor Two-factor theory (Schacter-Singer): emotions are inferences about the causes of undifferentiated physiological arousal. Theory= Emotional Stimulus Physiological Arousal Cognitive Label Experienced Emotion
The Emotional Brain? Appraisal: an evaluation of the emotionally-relevant aspects of a stimulus that is performed by the amygdala. Snap decisions by the amygdala. Fast pathway: thalamusz>>>amygdala. Slow pathway: thalamus >>>>cortex >>>>amygdala.
The Regulation of Emotion? Emotion regulation: cognitive and behavioral strategies that change one’s emotional experience. Reappraisal: changing one’s emotional experience by changing the meaning of the emotion-eliciting stimulus.
Emotional Expression Universality hypothesis: emotional expressions have the same meaning for everyone. anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise.
The Cause and Effect of Expression? Facial feedback hypothesis: emotional expressions can cause the emotional experiences they signify. Display rules: norms for the control of emotional expression. intensification, deintensification, masking, neutralizing.
How to tell if emotional expression is sincere? morphology, symmetry, duration, temporal patterning.
The Real World: That's gross Disgust is a defensive response, stereotyped by culture. Disgust can be irrational. contagion and similarity.
Motivation? Motivation=the purpose for or cause of an event. Hedonic principle: the notion that all people are motivated to experience pleasure and avoid pain. Instincts:inherited tendency to seek out a particular goal. Drive:departures physiological optimality
Triangle Big: Physiological Needs 2. Safety and Security Needs 3. Belongingess and love needs 4. Esteem Needs Small: Need for Self-actualization
Eating............ Ghrelin tells the brain to switch hunger “on”. Leptin tells the brain to switch hunger “off”. Lateral hypothalamus: increases eating (hunger center). Ventromedial hypothalamus: stops eating (satiety center).
Eating Disorders? Bulimia nervosa: a disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging. Anorexia nervosa: a disorder characterized by an intense fear of being fat and severe restriction of food intake.
Eating Disorders? Obesity: having a BMI of 30+. Metabolism: the rate at which energy is used by the body.
Mating DHEA involved in the onset of sexual desire. Estrogen regulates ovulation and sexual interest. Testosterone increases sex drive.
Sexual Activity is? Human sexual response cycle 1. excitement phase 2. plateau phase 3. orgasm phase 4. resolution phase.
Kinds of Motivation? Intrinsic motivation: a motivation to take actions that are themselves rewarding. Extrinsic motivation: a motivation to take actions that are not themselves rewarding but that lead to reward. Conscious motivation: a motivation of which one is aware.
Kinds Of Motivation? Unconscious motivation: a motivation of which one is not aware. Approach motivation: a motivation to experience positive outcomes. Avoidance motivation: a motivation not to experience negative outcomes (avoidance is stronger than approach)
Created by: hsoto
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