| Question | Answer |
| What is Emotion?? | a positive or negative experience that is associated with a particular pattern of physiological activity |
| The Emotional Body? James | James-Lange theory: stimuli trigger activity in the autonomic nervous system, which in turn produces an emotional experience in the brain (Theory= Emotional Stimulus>>Physiological Arousal>>>Experienced Emotion) |
| The Emotional Body? Cannon | Cannon-Bard theory: a stimulus simultaneously triggers activity in the autonomic nervous system and emotional experience in the brain.
Theory= Emotional Stimulus
Experienced Emotion Physiological Experienc |
| The Emotional body? Two-Factor | Two-factor theory (Schacter-Singer): emotions are inferences about the causes of undifferentiated physiological arousal.
Theory= Emotional Stimulus
Physiological Arousal Cognitive Label
Experienced Emotion |
| The Emotional Brain? | Appraisal: an evaluation of the emotionally-relevant aspects of a stimulus that is performed by the amygdala.
Snap decisions by the amygdala.
Fast pathway: thalamusz>>>amygdala.
Slow pathway:
thalamus >>>>cortex >>>>amygdala. |
| The Regulation of Emotion? | Emotion regulation: cognitive and behavioral strategies that change one’s emotional experience.
Reappraisal: changing one’s emotional experience by changing the meaning of the emotion-eliciting stimulus. |
| Emotional Expression | Universality hypothesis: emotional expressions have the same meaning for everyone.
anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise. |
| The Cause and Effect of Expression? | Facial feedback hypothesis: emotional expressions can cause the emotional experiences they signify.
Display rules: norms for the control of emotional expression.
intensification, deintensification, masking, neutralizing. |
| How to tell if emotional expression is sincere? | morphology, symmetry, duration, temporal patterning. |
| The Real World: That's gross | Disgust is a defensive response, stereotyped by culture.
Disgust can be irrational.
contagion and similarity. |
| Motivation? | Motivation=the purpose for or cause of an event.
Hedonic principle: the notion that all people are motivated to experience pleasure and avoid pain.
Instincts:inherited tendency to seek out a particular goal.
Drive:departures physiological optimality |
| Triangle | Big: Physiological Needs 2. Safety and Security Needs 3. Belongingess and love needs 4. Esteem Needs Small: Need for Self-actualization |
| Eating............ | Ghrelin tells the brain to switch hunger “on”.
Leptin tells the brain to switch hunger “off”.
Lateral hypothalamus: increases eating (hunger center).
Ventromedial hypothalamus: stops eating (satiety center). |
| Eating Disorders? | Bulimia nervosa: a disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging.
Anorexia nervosa: a disorder characterized by an intense fear of being fat and severe restriction of food intake. |
| Eating Disorders? | Obesity: having a BMI of 30+.
Metabolism: the rate at which energy is used by the body. |
| Mating | DHEA involved in the onset of sexual desire.
Estrogen regulates ovulation and sexual interest.
Testosterone increases sex drive. |
| Sexual Activity is? | Human sexual response cycle
1. excitement phase
2. plateau phase
3. orgasm phase
4. resolution phase. |
| Kinds of Motivation? | Intrinsic motivation: a motivation to take actions that are themselves rewarding.
Extrinsic motivation: a motivation to take actions that are not themselves rewarding but that lead to reward.
Conscious motivation: a motivation of which one is aware. |
| Kinds Of Motivation? | Unconscious motivation: a motivation of which one is not aware.
Approach motivation: a motivation to experience positive outcomes.
Avoidance motivation: a motivation not to experience negative outcomes (avoidance is stronger than approach) |
