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fungi bio cram
test 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| fungi are heterotrophs | obtain nutrients by absorption (digest then ingest) |
| saprophytic fungi | secret enzymes to break down dead organic matter for recycling (carbon, nitrogen, essential minerals) |
| parasitic fungi | obtain nutrients from living hosts most cases causing harm to host in process |
| fungi cell walls are made of mostly what carbohydrate | chitin (also found in exoskeleton of insects) |
| what is the storage carbohydrate of fungi | glycogen (also storage for animal found in muscle and liver cells (startch for plants) |
| fungi can reproduce ______ and _____ | sexually and asexually |
| how is fungi sexual lifecycle diff. from all other eukaryotic organisms | the zygote is the only diploid cell, when two mating types fuse the nuclei do not actually fuse but coexist until right conditions |
| after right conditions fusion results in | diploid zygote that immediately undergoes meiosis to return to haploid state |
| what stage is the coexistence of two different mating types of nuclei | dikaryotic (unique to fungi) |
| what kingdom is the fungi more closely related to | animalia probably diverged from common ancestor some 0.6 million years ago |
| almost all plant roots exist symbiotically with | fungi |
| ____ fungi have mutualistically beneficial relationship with hos | symbionts |
| fungi kingdom characteristics | non-vascular organisms, eukaryotic, reproduce by spores, sexual (meiotic) and asexual (mitotic), typically not motile although a few (phytrids) have motile phase, alternation of generations |
| _____ _____ can withstand desiccation, they are killed by heat | fungi spores |
| ____ spores often require a period of dormancy after they are formed, but ____ spores usually germinate and produce new hyphae whenever and wherever moisture is available | sexual, asexual |
| Asexual spores are produced in special hyphae called ____ in the zygomycetes | sporangia |
| Asexual spores are produced in ______ in the ascomycetes and basidiomycetes | conidia |
| fungal spores form ___ directly with no immature or embryonic stage between spore and adult | hyphae |
| Among fungi, there are no female and male individuals, and no eggs and sperm. Physiological differences among the ___ do exist, however, and result in ___ mating types, only compatible strains fuse | hyphae, different |
| In the zygomycetes the strains are designated simply as (+) and (−). Haploid ( n) gametes are produced by mitotic division from haploid ( n) parent nuclei in specialized hyphae called | gametangia |
| In the ascomycetes and basidiomycetes, sexual reproduction starts with hyphae from two mating strains fusing, but the nuclei remain independent within the merged cytoplasm | plasmogamy |
| In genetic shorthand ___ cells are n + n rather than the 2 n of diploid cells | dikaryotic |
| the nuclei combine, mixing the DNA from the two separate mating types | karyogamy |
| the union of two haploid gametes to form a diploid zygote | syngamy |
| In most fungi, karyogamy is followed almost immediately by a __ ___ ___ that restores the haploid chromosome number to the resultant spores and the new hyphae that are produced when the spores germinate. | reduction division (meiosis) |
| budding, fission, fragmentation, and sporulation are | types of asexual reproduction |
| reproduction is dominant where haploid sporangiospores and conidiospores are created. | Asexual spore |
| Sexual fungal zygotes are only created when the fungi is under | stressful conditions |
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