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ch. 3 cells/heredity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What did Mendel do to study different characteristics in his genetics experiments? | he cross-pollinated plants |
| What are factors that control traits called? | genes |
| What does a Punnett square show? | all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross |
| What is an organism's physical appearance called? | phenotype |
| What is the chromosome theory of inheritance? | genes are carried from parents to offspring on chromosomes |
| What did Sutton discover about sex cells? | They have half the number of chromosomes found in body cells. |
| What is it called when chromosome pairs separate and are distributed into new sex cells? | meiosis |
| How many chromosomes does each sex cell contribute when they combine to produce offspring? | half the number |
| What determines the genetic code? | the order of nitrogen bases along a gene |
| What do the order of the bases along a gene determine? | the order in which amino acids are put together to form a protein |
| What does messenger RNA do during protein synthesis? | copies the coded message from the DNA and carries it into the cytoplasm |
| What do transfer RNA molecules do during protein synthesis? | carry amino acids and add them to the growing protein |
| What is any change in a gene or chromosome called? | mutation |
| What are the different forms of a gene called? | alleles |
| Where does protein synthesis take place? | on the ribosomes in the cytoplasm of the cell |
| What is an organism's genetic makeup called? | genotype |
| What are 2 identical alleles for a trait called? | homozygous |
| What are two different alleles for a trait called? | heterozygous |
| When Mendel crossed purebred short plants with purebred tall plants, what was the phenotype of all of the offspring? | tall |
| What are the alleles for a heterozygous organism? | one capital letter and one lower case letter Ex: Tt |
| What are an organism's allele combinations called? | genotype |
| How many chromosomes do sex cells have compared to the parent cells? | half the number |
| Which RNA carries coded messages from the nucleus to the cytoplasm? | messenger RNA |
| What type of allele is present if the trait appears or shows? (dominant or recessive?) | dominant |
| What is the chart called that is used to predict results of genetic crosses? | Punnett square or Monohybrid cross |
| What is it called if an organism has 2 dominant or 2 recessive alleles for a trait? | homozygous |
| What structures are genes carried on from parent to their offspring? | chromosomes |
| What is the process called in which a parent cell divides twice to produce sex cells? | meiosis |
| A set of 3 bases codes for 1 specific what in a protein? | amino acid |
| What RNA adds amino acids to a growing protein? | transfer |
| What is the corresponding section of a mRNA molecule for a section of DNA that has the base sequence GACT? | CUGA |
| What are the 3 ways a mutation can occur? | addition, deletion, and substitution |
Created by:
RMSScience7
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