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Chp. 8

key terms

QuestionAnswer
Transgenic refers to an organism that carries one or more genes from a different species.
Protein a macromolecule made up of repeating subunits known as ‘amino acids’, which determine the shape and function of a protein; play a critical role in living organisms.
Amino Acids the building blocks of proteins; there are 20 different types.
Gene a sequence of DNA that contains the information to make at least one protein.
Gene Expression the process of using DNA instructions to make proteins.
Genotype the genetic make-up of an organism.
Phenotype the physical attributes of an organism, including both observable and internal or non-observable traits.
Alleles alternative versions of the same gene that have different nucleotide sequences.
Regulatory Sequence the part of a gene that determines the timing, amount, & location of protein produced.
Coding Sequence the part of a gene that specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein; determine the identity, shape & function of proteins.
Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) an organism that has been genetically altered by humans.
Gene Therapy a type of treatment that aims to cure disease by replacing defective genes with functional ones.
Transcription the first stage of gene expression, during which cells produce molecules of messenger RNA (mRNA) from instructions encoded within genes.
Translation the second stage of gene expression; “reads” mRNA sequences and assembles the corresponding amino acids to make a protein.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) the RNA copy of an original DNA sequence made during transcription.
RNA Polymerase the enzyme that accomplishes transcription; it copies a strand of DNA into a complementary strand of mRNA.
Ribosome the cellular machinery that assembles proteins during the process of translation.
Codon a sequence of 3 mRNA nucleotides that specifies a particular amino acid.
Transfer RNA (tRNA) a type of RNA that helps ribosomes assemble chains of amino acids during translation.
Anticodon the part of a tRNA molecule that bids to a complementary mRNA codon.
Genetic Code the particular amino acids specified by particular mRNA codons.
Created by: kbtwomey
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