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BIO 201 Exam 2 Ch 8
Algae
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is algae? common nicknames? | -aerobic photosynthetic eukaryotes that have chloroplasts -seaweed, kelp, diatoms, pond scum |
| where is algae found? | soil, water, ocean |
| what is the size range of algae? | -unicellular to multicellular -microscopic to macroscopic |
| how is algae grouped? | grouped based on pigmentation - Green, Yellow, Red, Brown |
| what are dinoflagellates? | unicellular, bioluminescent, algae with flagella that produce toxins |
| how do dinoflagellates occur? | -nitrogen, iron, or phosphate pollution plus warm water temperatures = excessive algal growth (or harmful algal "bloom") -called "red tide" -visible from air |
| what are some common dinoflagellates? | alexandrium, ciguatera, gymnodinium, pfisteria |
| what are the dangers of dinoflagellates? | -produce variety of toxins -algae eaten by shellfish kill them -poisoned shellfish eaten by humans cause major syndromes |
| what are the major syndromes of eating dinoflagellate toxin shellfish? | 1) paralytic shellfish poisoning (numbness, cardiac arrest) 2) amnestic shellfish poisoning (diarrhea, disorientation 3)Ciguatera poisoning (diarrhea, numbness, tingling) |
| what is "brown and red algae"? what are they used for? | -macroscopic algae, called kelp and seaweed -food in East Asian countries |
| what are some commercially important uses for brown and red algae? | -agar (solidification of microbio media) -carageenan (carragard) -alginate (fillers for low fat foods) such as eggbeaters, yogurt, nonfat sour cream -Griffithsin (anti-HIV protein prevents viral entry in cells) |
| what is carragard? | derivative of carrageenan used for anti-HIV coatings on condoms |
| what is Phytopthora infestans? what does it produce? | -plant pathogen related to "colorless" algae -produces motile spores that spread rapidly from field to field |
| what are the dangers of Phytopthora infestans? | -infects potato plants -can completely wipe potatoes > starvation > immigration |
| what is Saprolegnia sp.? | -belongs to the colorless algae -infects scales of aquarium fish -visible fuzz on tail fin -rapidly spreads through tank -hard to control |
| what are lichens? | -symbiotic relationship between algae (or cyanobacteria) and fungi -grow on rock surfaces and tree trunks |
| how do lichens work? | -fungus breaks down organic matter > provides mineral salts to alga -alga provides the fungus with sugar and starch from photosynthesis |
| why are lichens important from an ecological perspective? | -they are early occupants of rock surfaces and participate in weathering of rock -in Arctic tundra sustain reindeer during winter |
Created by:
rolandowallace
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