Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Digestive system
Abdomen Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the two parts of the digestive system | *accessory glands *alimentary canal(mouth to anus) |
| what are the accessory glands of the digestive system | *salivary glands *liver *gallbladder *pancreas |
| salivary glands | any of the three glands near the oral cavity that secrete saliva |
| *largest solid organ of the body, located in the RUQ *produces bile | liver |
| *blue/gray sac attached to the to the under side of hte liver *has a capacity of apprx. 50ml *holds bile | gallbladder |
| *exocrine and endocrine organ *exocrine function includes the secretion of *enzymes that help digest food and neutralize acid in the stomach *pancreatic juice | pacreas |
| what are the divisions of the alimentary canal | *mouth *pahrynx *esophagus *stomach *small intestine *large intestine(terminates at anus) |
| *extends from the diaphragm to bony pelvis *consist of abdominal and pelvic cavities | abdominopelvic cavity |
| what is contained in the abdominal cavity | *stomach *small intestines *large intestines *liver *gallbladder *spleen *pancreas *kidneys |
| what is contained in the pelvic cavity | *rectum *sigmoid *urinary bladder *reproductive organs |
| what are the nine regions of the abdominopelvic cavity | *right and left hyperchondrium -epigastrium *right and left lateral -umbilical *right and left inguinal -hypogastrium |
| double layered membrane that surrounds organs of digestion | peritoneum |
| parietal peritoneum | lines abdominal wall |
| visceral peritoneum | surrounds organs |
| serous filled cavity that surrounds organs abdominal cavity -contains 50ml of serous fluid | parietal cavity |
| anchors organs and acts as conduit for vessels and nerves | messentery |
| structures that are retroperitoneal | -urinary system -most of reproductive system -inferior portion of esophagus |
| what are the two parts that make up the messentery | -omentum *greater omentum *lesser omentum -mesocolon |
| attaches greater curverature of stomach to transverse colon | greater omentum |
| attaches lesser curverature of stomach to liver | lesser omentum |
| from transverse colon to posterior abdominal wall | mesocolon |
| cavity within a hollow organ | lumen |
| round muscle(opening of hollow organ) | sphincter |
| wavelike movement of wall of hollow organ | peristalsis |
| churning or mixing motion of stomach to break down food | segmentation |
| narrowing of a lumen | stenosis |
| absence of an opening | atresia |
| what are the four layers of the digestive wall tract | 1. serous 2. muscular 3. submucosal 4. mucosal |
| outermost layer of digestive tract, part of visceral peritoneum. also called adventitia layer | serous layer |
| second layer of digestive tract, responsible for peristalsis. there are circular and longitudinal varieties | muscular layer |
| third layer of digestive tract, contains vessels | submucosal layer |
| innermost or 4th layer, epithelial layer (absorbion and secretion) | mucosal layer |
| what layer of tissue is the esophagus missing and what is in place of it | -serous layer -connective tissue |
| what are the six substances that are required to meet bodily requirements | -carbs -fats -mineral -protein -vitamins -water |
| ingestion | consumption |
| mastication | chewing |
| deglutation | swallowing |
| breaking down of food | digestion |
| passage of nutrients into blood | absorbtion |
| what are the divisions of the mouth | -oral vestibule -oral cavity |
| between the teeth and the cheek | oral vestibule |
| hollow space behind teeth(communicates with pharynx) | oral cavity or mouth proper |
| what anatomy makes up the "mouth" | -oral vestibule -oral cavity, or mouth proper -hard palate -soft palate -uvula -tonsil -tongue -sublingual space -frenulum of toungue |
| made up of maxilla and palantine | hard palate |
| -folded epithelial tissue -partission between naso and oropharynx | soft palate |
| small spindulous cone at back of soft palate | uvula |
| mass of lymph tissue in the mucous membrane of the pharynx and base of the tongue | tonsil |
| what is the strongest single muscle in the body | tongue |
| space under the tongue | sublingual space |
| what attaches the tongue | frenulum |
| what are the accessories of mastication | teeth |
| what are the three pairs of salivary glands | -parotid -submandibular -sublingual |
| what enzyme is found in saliva | amylase/ptyalin |
| the largest of the salivary glands, found in front of the ear running from the mandibular rami to the mastoid process | parotid gland |
| what is the name to the duct of the parotid gland | stenson |
| salivary gland that is found under the floor of the mouth, running from the 1st molar to the angle of the mandible | submandibular |
| what is the name to the duct of the submandibular gland | wharton |
| the smallest salviary gland, found in front of submandibular gland | sublingual gland |
| what is the name of the duct of the sublingual gland | sublingual duct |
| what do you call a radiographic exam of the salivary glands and their ducts(using contrast) | sailography |
| what are the modalities of choice for sailography | -CT -MRI |
| what pathologies could be demonstrated using sailography | -inflammatory lesions -tumors -fistulas -diverticula -strictures -calculi |
| how many salivary gland can be examined at once using sailography | one |
| what are the steps of the sailography exam | -prelim images -pt is given lemons to dilate ducts -contrast is given -fluoro and radiographs are performed -lemons are given again to evacuate contras -radiographs are taken again |
| what are the divisions of the pharynx | -nasopharynx -orapharynx -laryngopharynx |
| what is the opening in the diaphragm that the esophagus passes through called | esophageal hiatus |
| how long is the esophagus | 25 cm |
| what are the layer of the esophagus | -muscular -submucosal -mucosal |
| what is the location of the esophagus | -posterior to the trachea -originates at C6 and passes through diaphragm at T9 and ends at the stomach at level of T10 |
| bellowing out of the esophagus where it meets the stomach | cardiac antrum |
| opening between the esophagus and the stomach(controlled by a sphincter of the same name) | cardiac orifice |
| achalaysia | cardiac sphincter doesnt open when it should |
| large diverticulum at distal portion of the esophagus | zenchers pouch/diverticulum |
| which quadrant is the stomach located in | LUQ |
| the stomach is what shape | J shaped |
| where does the stomach empty into | duodenum |
| what gastric enzymes are secreted in the stomach | -pepsin -rennin -gastrin |
| what are the fold of the stomach that make up its mucosal layer called | rugae |
| what is another name for the serous layer | adventicia layer |
| what are the four parts of the stomach | -cardia *cardiac orfice *cardiac sphincter -fundus -body -pyloric portion *pyloric antrum *pyloric canal *pyloric orifice(opening between stomach and duodenum) *pyloric sphincter |
| the curvature on the right side of stomach | lesser |
| curvature on left side of stomach | greater |
| part of stomach name for its proximity to the heart | cardiac notch |
| located in the abdominopelvic cavity, it is 22ft long and is divided into three sections | small intestines |
| what are the three divisions of the small intestine | -duodenum -jejunum -illeum |
| what are the circular folds of the jejunum called(feather like appearance) | plica circularis |
| the villi and plica circularis of the small intestine perform what function | -provide more surface area -absorbtion |
| smallest portion of the small intestine, 8-10 inches long, and has 4 regions; superior, descending, horizontal, and ascending | duodenum |
| second portion of small intestine, 9ft long | jejunum |
| last section of small intestine, 13ft long, has a valve between it and the cecum | ileum |
| what is the valve between the ileum and the cecum called | ileocecal valve |
| a congenital sac or blind pouch found in the lower portion of the ileum, causing extreme abdominal pain | meckel's divertivulum |
| caused by TB and unpastuarized milk | peyer's patch |
| painful development of bleeding ulcers, can affect from mouth to anus, similar to ulcerative cholitis | chrohn's disease |
| 5ft long, begins in the RLQ at the ileocecal valve and finishes at the anus | large intestine |
| what is the function of large intestine | -reabsorption of fluids -elimination of waste |
| what are the parts of the large intestine | -cecum -ascending colon -right colic(hepatic) flexure -transverse colon -left colic(splenic)flexure -descending colon -sigmoid colon -rectum -anal canal and anus |
| blind like pouch portion of the large intestine, below the junction of the ileum and colon | cecum |
| -located in descending duodenum -connects biliary system with small intestine | -ampulla of vater |
| sphincter that controls ampulla of vater | sphincter of oddi |
| -found in the ascending colon -holds duodenum in place | angle of treitz |
| about 15cm/6in, last section of colon, has both an internal and external sphincter(one is voluntary) | rectum |
| sacs of colon that give segmented look | haustra |
| longitudinal ribbons of smooth muscle, which contracts to create haustra | taeniae coli |
| inflamation of appendix | appendicitis |
| inflamitoy bowel disease | ulcerative cholitis |
| lots of tiny diverticular in colon wall | diverticular disease |
| cholelithiasis | stones in the gallbladder |
| both endocrine and exocrine, exocrine function is the production of sugar regulating hormones | pancreas |
| nest of cells that secret insulin and glucogon | islets of langerhans |
| cholecyst | bile/bag |
| pear shaped, located under liver, stimulated by CCK to contract and release bile | gallbladder |
| weighs 3lbs, mainly found in the RUQ, consist of two lobes | liver |
| what are the two lobes of the liver | right and left |
| what are the two subdivisions of the right lobe of the liver | -caudate -quadrate |
| seperates the two lobes of the liver | falciform ligament |
| network of small blood vessels and connective tissue that forms capsule around liver | capsule of gibson |
| the liver has a blank blood supply | dual |
| produces bile and filters poisons | liver |
| includes the liver, gallbladder, pancreas. produces, stores and delivers bile | billiary system |
| made up of right and left hepatic ducts | common hepatic duct |
| connects at the top of the gallbladder's neck to the common hepatic duct, it then joins the bile duct and pancreatic duct before dumping into the duodenum | cystic duct |
| pancreatic duct is also called what | duct of whirsong |
| what is CCK | hormone release in the duodenum of small intestine, which stimulates the gallbladder to release bile as well as the pancreas to release pancreatic juice to aid in digestion |
Created by:
bigad1982
Popular Radiology sets