Abdomen Anatomy
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| what are the two parts of the digestive system | *accessory glands
*alimentary canal(mouth to anus)
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| what are the accessory glands of the digestive system | *salivary glands
*liver
*gallbladder
*pancreas
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| salivary glands | any of the three glands near the oral cavity that secrete saliva
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| *largest solid organ of the body, located in the RUQ *produces bile | liver
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| *blue/gray sac attached to the to the under side of hte liver *has a capacity of apprx. 50ml *holds bile | gallbladder
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| *exocrine and endocrine organ *exocrine function includes the secretion of *enzymes that help digest food and neutralize acid in the stomach *pancreatic juice | pacreas
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| what are the divisions of the alimentary canal | *mouth
*pahrynx
*esophagus
*stomach
*small intestine
*large intestine(terminates at anus)
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| *extends from the diaphragm to bony pelvis *consist of abdominal and pelvic cavities | abdominopelvic cavity
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| what is contained in the abdominal cavity | *stomach
*small intestines
*large intestines
*liver
*gallbladder
*spleen
*pancreas
*kidneys
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| what is contained in the pelvic cavity | *rectum
*sigmoid
*urinary bladder
*reproductive organs
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| what are the nine regions of the abdominopelvic cavity | *right and left hyperchondrium
-epigastrium
*right and left lateral
-umbilical
*right and left inguinal
-hypogastrium
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| double layered membrane that surrounds organs of digestion | peritoneum
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| parietal peritoneum | lines abdominal wall
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| visceral peritoneum | surrounds organs
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| serous filled cavity that surrounds organs abdominal cavity -contains 50ml of serous fluid | parietal cavity
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| anchors organs and acts as conduit for vessels and nerves | messentery
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| structures that are retroperitoneal | -urinary system
-most of reproductive system
-inferior portion of esophagus
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| what are the two parts that make up the messentery | -omentum
*greater omentum
*lesser omentum
-mesocolon
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| attaches greater curverature of stomach to transverse colon | greater omentum
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| attaches lesser curverature of stomach to liver | lesser omentum
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| from transverse colon to posterior abdominal wall | mesocolon
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| cavity within a hollow organ | lumen
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| round muscle(opening of hollow organ) | sphincter
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| wavelike movement of wall of hollow organ | peristalsis
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| churning or mixing motion of stomach to break down food | segmentation
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| narrowing of a lumen | stenosis
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| absence of an opening | atresia
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| what are the four layers of the digestive wall tract | 1. serous
2. muscular
3. submucosal
4. mucosal
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| outermost layer of digestive tract, part of visceral peritoneum. also called adventitia layer | serous layer
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| second layer of digestive tract, responsible for peristalsis. there are circular and longitudinal varieties | muscular layer
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| third layer of digestive tract, contains vessels | submucosal layer
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| innermost or 4th layer, epithelial layer (absorbion and secretion) | mucosal layer
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| what layer of tissue is the esophagus missing and what is in place of it | -serous layer
-connective tissue
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| what are the six substances that are required to meet bodily requirements | -carbs
-fats
-mineral
-protein
-vitamins
-water
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| ingestion | consumption
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| mastication | chewing
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| deglutation | swallowing
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| breaking down of food | digestion
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| passage of nutrients into blood | absorbtion
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| what are the divisions of the mouth | -oral vestibule
-oral cavity
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| between the teeth and the cheek | oral vestibule
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| hollow space behind teeth(communicates with pharynx) | oral cavity or mouth proper
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| what anatomy makes up the "mouth" | -oral vestibule
-oral cavity, or mouth proper
-hard palate
-soft palate
-uvula
-tonsil
-tongue
-sublingual space
-frenulum of toungue
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| made up of maxilla and palantine | hard palate
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| -folded epithelial tissue -partission between naso and oropharynx | soft palate
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| small spindulous cone at back of soft palate | uvula
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| mass of lymph tissue in the mucous membrane of the pharynx and base of the tongue | tonsil
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| what is the strongest single muscle in the body | tongue
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| space under the tongue | sublingual space
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| what attaches the tongue | frenulum
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| what are the accessories of mastication | teeth
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| what are the three pairs of salivary glands | -parotid
-submandibular
-sublingual
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| what enzyme is found in saliva | amylase/ptyalin
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| the largest of the salivary glands, found in front of the ear running from the mandibular rami to the mastoid process | parotid gland
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| what is the name to the duct of the parotid gland | stenson
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| salivary gland that is found under the floor of the mouth, running from the 1st molar to the angle of the mandible | submandibular
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| what is the name to the duct of the submandibular gland | wharton
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| the smallest salviary gland, found in front of submandibular gland | sublingual gland
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| what is the name of the duct of the sublingual gland | sublingual duct
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| what do you call a radiographic exam of the salivary glands and their ducts(using contrast) | sailography
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| what are the modalities of choice for sailography | -CT
-MRI
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| what pathologies could be demonstrated using sailography | -inflammatory lesions
-tumors
-fistulas
-diverticula
-strictures
-calculi
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| how many salivary gland can be examined at once using sailography | one
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| what are the steps of the sailography exam | -prelim images
-pt is given lemons to dilate ducts
-contrast is given
-fluoro and radiographs are performed
-lemons are given again to evacuate contras
-radiographs are taken again
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| what are the divisions of the pharynx | -nasopharynx
-orapharynx
-laryngopharynx
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| what is the opening in the diaphragm that the esophagus passes through called | esophageal hiatus
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| how long is the esophagus | 25 cm
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| what are the layer of the esophagus | -muscular
-submucosal
-mucosal
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| what is the location of the esophagus | -posterior to the trachea
-originates at C6 and passes through diaphragm at T9 and ends at the stomach at level of T10
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| bellowing out of the esophagus where it meets the stomach | cardiac antrum
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| opening between the esophagus and the stomach(controlled by a sphincter of the same name) | cardiac orifice
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| achalaysia | cardiac sphincter doesnt open when it should
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| large diverticulum at distal portion of the esophagus | zenchers pouch/diverticulum
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| which quadrant is the stomach located in | LUQ
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| the stomach is what shape | J shaped
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| where does the stomach empty into | duodenum
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| what gastric enzymes are secreted in the stomach | -pepsin
-rennin
-gastrin
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| what are the fold of the stomach that make up its mucosal layer called | rugae
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| what is another name for the serous layer | adventicia layer
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| what are the four parts of the stomach | -cardia *cardiac orfice *cardiac sphincter -fundus -body -pyloric portion *pyloric antrum *pyloric canal *pyloric orifice(opening between stomach and duodenum) *pyloric sphincter
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| the curvature on the right side of stomach | lesser
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| curvature on left side of stomach | greater
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| part of stomach name for its proximity to the heart | cardiac notch
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| located in the abdominopelvic cavity, it is 22ft long and is divided into three sections | small intestines
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| what are the three divisions of the small intestine | -duodenum
-jejunum
-illeum
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| what are the circular folds of the jejunum called(feather like appearance) | plica circularis
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| the villi and plica circularis of the small intestine perform what function | -provide more surface area
-absorbtion
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| smallest portion of the small intestine, 8-10 inches long, and has 4 regions; superior, descending, horizontal, and ascending | duodenum
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| second portion of small intestine, 9ft long | jejunum
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| last section of small intestine, 13ft long, has a valve between it and the cecum | ileum
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| what is the valve between the ileum and the cecum called | ileocecal valve
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| a congenital sac or blind pouch found in the lower portion of the ileum, causing extreme abdominal pain | meckel's divertivulum
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| caused by TB and unpastuarized milk | peyer's patch
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| painful development of bleeding ulcers, can affect from mouth to anus, similar to ulcerative cholitis | chrohn's disease
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| 5ft long, begins in the RLQ at the ileocecal valve and finishes at the anus | large intestine
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| what is the function of large intestine | -reabsorption of fluids
-elimination of waste
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| what are the parts of the large intestine | -cecum
-ascending colon
-right colic(hepatic) flexure
-transverse colon
-left colic(splenic)flexure
-descending colon
-sigmoid colon
-rectum
-anal canal and anus
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| blind like pouch portion of the large intestine, below the junction of the ileum and colon | cecum
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| -located in descending duodenum -connects biliary system with small intestine | -ampulla of vater
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| sphincter that controls ampulla of vater | sphincter of oddi
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| -found in the ascending colon -holds duodenum in place | angle of treitz
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| about 15cm/6in, last section of colon, has both an internal and external sphincter(one is voluntary) | rectum
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| sacs of colon that give segmented look | haustra
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| longitudinal ribbons of smooth muscle, which contracts to create haustra | taeniae coli
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| inflamation of appendix | appendicitis
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| inflamitoy bowel disease | ulcerative cholitis
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| lots of tiny diverticular in colon wall | diverticular disease
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| cholelithiasis | stones in the gallbladder
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| both endocrine and exocrine, exocrine function is the production of sugar regulating hormones | pancreas
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| nest of cells that secret insulin and glucogon | islets of langerhans
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| cholecyst | bile/bag
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| pear shaped, located under liver, stimulated by CCK to contract and release bile | gallbladder
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| weighs 3lbs, mainly found in the RUQ, consist of two lobes | liver
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| what are the two lobes of the liver | right and left
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| what are the two subdivisions of the right lobe of the liver | -caudate
-quadrate
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| seperates the two lobes of the liver | falciform ligament
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| network of small blood vessels and connective tissue that forms capsule around liver | capsule of gibson
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| the liver has a blank blood supply | dual
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| produces bile and filters poisons | liver
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| includes the liver, gallbladder, pancreas. produces, stores and delivers bile | billiary system
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| made up of right and left hepatic ducts | common hepatic duct
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| connects at the top of the gallbladder's neck to the common hepatic duct, it then joins the bile duct and pancreatic duct before dumping into the duodenum | cystic duct
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| pancreatic duct is also called what | duct of whirsong
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| what is CCK | hormone release in the duodenum of small intestine, which stimulates the gallbladder to release bile as well as the pancreas to release pancreatic juice to aid in digestion
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