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Ch.10 Vocab Cards

ch.10 vocabulary

QuestionAnswer
virulent infected strain of the bacterium
transformation transfer of genetic material from one organism, to another organism or from cell to cell
bacteriophage viruses that infect bacteria
nucleotide three parts: 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
deoxyribose the 5-carbon sugar in a DNA nucleotide
purine nitrogenous bases that have a double ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms
pyrmidine nitrogenous bases that have a single ring of carbon and nitrogenous atoms
complementary base pairs a-t, c-g. pairs of bases
base sequence the order of nitrogenous bases on a chain of DNA
DNA replication the process by which DNA is copied in a cell before a cell divides by mitosis, meiosis, or binary fission
helicase separates the DNA strands
replication fork the y-shaped region that results when the 2 strands replicate
DNA polymerase enzymes that catalyze the formation of the DNA molecule
semi-conservative replication each of the new DNA molecules has kept one of the 2 original DNA strands
mutation a change in the nucleotide sequence in a DNA molecule
RNA a natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a roll in protein synthesis
transcription DNA acts as a template for the synthesis of RNA
translation RNA directs the assembly of proteins
protein synthesis forming proteins based on the information in DNA and carried out by RNA
ribose 5-carbon sugar present in RNA
mRNA a single-stranded RNA molecule that carries the instructions from a gene to make a protein
rRNA part of the structure of ribosomes
tRNA transfers amino acids to the ribosome to make a protein
RNA polymerase an enzyme that catalyzes the information of RNA on a DNA template
promoter specific nucleotide sequence of DNA where RNA polymerase binds and initiates transcription
termination signal a specific sequence of nucleotides that marks the end of a gene
genetic code the rules that relate how a sequence of nitrogenous bases in nucleotides correspond to an amino acid
codon each 3 nucleotide sequence in mRNA that encodes an amino acid or signifies a start or stop signal
anticodon 3 nicleotides on the RNA that are complementary to the sequence of a codon in mRNA
genome the complete genetic content
Created by: elliebellie0619
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