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Chapter 15

How Genes Work

QuestionAnswer
knock-out, null, loss-of-function alleles alleles that do not function at all
one-gene, one-enzyme hypothesis each gene contains the information needed to make an enzyme
messenger RNA carry information from DNA to the site of protein synthesis.
RNA polymerase an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of RNA, according to the information provided in a particular stretch of DNA
Transcription DNA transcribes to RNA by RNA polymerase
Translation RNA to proteins. also called protein synthesis
codon a group of three bases that code for a particular amino acid
Start Codon AUG- methionine
Stop Codon UAA, UAG, UGA
missense mutations changes one amino acid
silent mutation does not change the amino acid sequence of the gene project
nonsense mutations change in nucleotide that results in an early stop codon
frameshift mutation addition of deletion of a nucleotide
Created by: 1311162352
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