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Ch 2 Skeletal System
Clinical Kinesiology Chapter 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name the 5 functions of the Skeletal System: | 1)Gives SUPPORT AND SHAPE to the body 2)PROTECTS vital organs 3)Assists with MOVEMENT (serves as LEVER ARMS) 4)Manufactures BLOOD CELLS 5)Stores CALCIUM & other MINERAL SALTS |
| Name the 2 types of skeleton: | 1)Axial 2)Appendicular |
| The Axial skeleton consists of: | 1) Trunk (thorax) 2) Vertebrae 3) Skull |
| Approximately how many bones make up the Axial skeleton? | 80 |
| The Appendicular skeleton consists of: | 1) Pelvis 2) Scapulae 3) Extremities |
| Approximately how many bones make up the Appendicular skeleton? | 126 |
| Bones consist of __/__ organic (living) material and __/__ inorganic (non-living) material. | 1/3 organic and 2/3 inorganic |
| What is the function of organic material in bone? | provides elasticity |
| What is the function inorganic material in bone? | provides hardness and strength |
| Bones can be considered _________ because they are made up of several different types of tissue. | organs |
| Name the types of tissue present in bones: | 1)Fibrous 2)Cartilaginous 3)Osseous 4)Nervous 5)Vascular |
| _______ ________ makes up the hard, dense outer shell of bones. | Compact Bone |
| This type of bone completely covers the bone and tends to be thick along the shaft and thin at the ends of long bones: | Compact Bone |
| This type of bone is thick in the plates of flat bones of the skull: | Compact Bone |
| ________ ________ is the porous and spongy inside portion of the bone. | Cancellous Bone |
| These are the "little beams" that make up cancellous bones, which are arranged in a pattern that resists local stresses and strains: | Trabeculae |
| The pores of cancellous bone are filled with: | Marrow |
| The presence of _______ ________ makes the bones lighter. | cancellous bone |
| ________ ________ makes up most of the articular ends (epiphyses & metaphyses)of bones | cancellous bone |
| The area of the bone at the articular end of the bone: | epiphysis |
| The "mesh network" of bone that adds strength; its presence is related to the stress applied to that portion of bone: | trabeculae (cancellous bone) |
| In adults, the epiphysis is __________. | osseous (bone) |
| In children, the epiphysis is cartilaginous and called the _________ _________. | epiphyseal plate |
| Longitudinal bone growth occurs here: | epiphyseal plate |
| The main shaft of the bone: | diaphysis |
| The diaphysis of the bone is mostly comprised of _________ ________. | compact bone |
| Found in the center of the bone shaft (diaphysis) is the __________ ________. | medullary canal |
| The medullary canal is hollow and contains ________ __________ and _________ __________. | bone marrow & nutrient arteries |
| The lining of the medullary canal: | endosteum |
| The endosteum contains _________, which are responsible for breaking down bone matrix (bone resorption). | osteoclasts |
| The metaphysis is mostly comprised of _________ _________. | cancellous bone |
| This is the thin fibrous membrane covering all of the bone (except the articular surfaces): | periosteum |
| The articular surfaces of bones are covered with __________ __________. | hyaline cartilage |
| The ___________ serves as an attachment point for tendons and ligaments. | periosteum |
| The periosteum contains _________ and __________ __________ (which provide nourishment and aid in repairing the bone). | nerves & blood vessels |
| Adult bones contain epiphyseal ________, whereas children's bones contain epiphyseal _________. | lines / plates |
| The bone shape that makes up most of the appendicular skeleton. | Long bones |
| The dimensions of _______ ________ are almost equal for length, width, and height. | short bones |
| This bone shape is typically cuboidal/cubical: | short bone |
| ________ ________ have a lot of articular surface and tend to articulate with more than one bone. | short bones |
| _______ _______ have a broad surface and are not very thick. | flat bones |
| _______ _______ bones are compact-cancellous-compact bone 'sandwich.' | flat bones |
| flat bones manufacture _____ ______. | blood cells |
| Scapulae, ileum, frontal bone, parietal bone, sternum, and ribs are all examples of ________ ________. | flat bones |
| Clavicle, radius, ula, femur, tibia, fibula, metatarsals, metacarpals, and phalanges are all examples of __________ _________. | long bones |
| carpals and tarsals are examples of _______ _______. | short bones |
| Vertebrae, sphenoid bone, ethmoid bone, sacrum, coccyx, and mandible are all examples of ________ ________. | irregular bones |
| ________ ________ are located where tendons cross long bones. | sesamoid bones |
| _______ ________ change the angle of attachment of a tendon. They develop from within the tendon, and protect it from excessive wear. | sesamoid bones |
| The patella and the small bones encased in some of the flexor tendons in the hand an foot are examples of ________ ________. | sesamoid bones |
| The patella is a _______ _______ that is encased in the quadriceps tendon and increases the _________ ________ of the quadriceps muscle. | sesamoid bone / mechanical advantage |
| There are no long or short bones in the ________ _________. | axial skeleton |
| There are no irregular bones in the ________ ________. | appendicular skeleton |
| Functions of sesamoid bones: | 1) change the angle of attachent of a tendon 2)protect tendon from excessive wear. |
| We must be able to locate muscles on the body, in order to do that we use ________ ________. | bone markings |
| As PTAs, we must be able to visualize the ________ ____ _______ of the muscle, which means we need to be able to describe the muscle's _________ and _________ so we can understand its action. | angle of pull / origin & insertion |
| Name the bone markings that can be classified as holes or depressions: | foramen, fossa, groove, meatus, sinus |
| Name the bone markings that can be classified as projections or processes that fit into joints: | condyle, eminence, facet, head |
| Name the bone markings that can be classified as projections or processes that attach connective tissue: | crest, epicondyle, line, spine, tubercle, tuberosity, trochanter |
Created by:
taranorwood
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