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Microbiology S2

Test 1

QuestionAnswer
What types of cellular structures to Archae, Bacteria, & Eukarya have in common? Cell membrane, flagella, chromosomes
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the Eukaryotic nucleus and what functions does it perform? A: DNA/RNA protection D:energy, move stuff in and out of nucleus, slower F: DNA transcription
What are the adv. and disadv. of the Euk. ER and what is its function? A & F: centralize ribosome & lipid production-more efficient, reg. salt conc., Ca reg. betw ER & cell not cell & environ. D:slower production
Where does protein synthesis occur in Eukaryotes? Cytoplasm makes own proteins, ER makes it for rest of cell including nucleus
What function does the Golgi apparatus (Euk) serve and compare efficiency to Prok. Makes membrane bound proteins, transports stuff to cell surface; Prok do this w/o Golgi but not well
What is exocytosis? Reverse of endocytosis; discharge materials from mem. bound pkgs that move to inner surface of PM, fuse with mems, release content to outside
What is endocytosis? Taking into the cell to use as fuel other small cells, particles of org mat. and large molec. that can't pass through CM
Name 3 types of endocytosis & describe. Phagocytosis-take in something, particulate; Pinocytosis-take in liquid; receptor medicated endocytosis-(form of phago) clathrin on inside of cell & helps mem. close off and bring something inside.
What is the function of a lysosome (Euk)? digests things; predators break down cell mem., so PL/L/Carb; ph 4 so enzymes work diff.; autophagy
What does mitochondria do? cellular respiration-ATP; endosymbiosis-double mem.; own circular DNA; same rib and size as Prok
What is the cytoskeleton and what is it made of? structure, amoeba-mvmt, cell div-moves nuc.; microfilaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments
What is flagella made of? Tubulin
What are microvilli? found on CM, inc. surface area
What are cilia? motility; spinning motion, must synchronize
What are flagella? motility; whiplike motion; 9+2 arrangement
What do chloroplasts, central vacuole and cell wall do? photosynthesis; store water; protection, structure-algae, fungi
Created by: monchichi521
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