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Biology Ch. 8-Lytle

Lytle Biology Chapter 8 Vocabulary

QuestionAnswer
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Energy-carrying biological molecule, which, when broken down, drives cellular activities
aerobic process A metabolic process that requires oxygen
aerobic respiration Metabolic process in which pyruvate is broken down and electron-carrier molecules are used to produce ATP through electron transport
anaerobic process Metabolic process that does not require oxygen
Calvin cycle Light-dependent reactions during phase 2 of photosynthesis in which energy is stored in organic molecules as glucose
cellular respiration Catabolic pathway in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy for use by the cell
energy Ability to do work; energy cannot be created nor destroyed in an ordinary chemical reaction, only transformed
fermentation Process by which NAD+ is regenerated, allowing cells to maintain glycolysis in the absence of oxygen. It is a form of anaerobic respiration.
glycolysis Anaerobic process; first stage of cellular respiration in which glucose is broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvate
granum 1 of the stacks of pigment-containing thylakoids in a plant’s chloroplasts
Krebs cycle Series of reactions in which pyruvate is broken down into carbon dioxide inside the mitochondria of cells; also called the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the citric acid cycle
metabolism All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism
NADP+ In photosynthesis, the major election carrier involved in electron transport
photosynthesis Two-phase anabolic pathway in which the Sun’s light energy is converted to chemical energy for use by the cell
pigment Light-absorbing colored molecule, such as chlorophyll and carotenoid, in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts
stroma Fluid-filled space outside the grana in which light-dependent reactions take place
thermodynamics Study of the flow and transformation of energy in the universe
thylakoid In chloroplasts, one of the stacked, flattened, pigment-containing membranes in which light dependent reactions occur
Created by: jdlytle
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