CSA = 0.785 x D squared measured when valve is open

SV = VTI x CSA or SV = VTI x 0.785 x D squared

for MV volume: RV(MR) = SV(MV)-SV(AV) for AV volume: RV(AI) = SV(AV)-SV(MV)

Change in pressure = 4V squared

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Complex Cardiac Equa

Question	Answer
CSA	CSA = 0.785 x D squared measured when valve is open
SV	SV = VTI x CSA or SV = VTI x 0.785 x D squared
CO	CO = HR x SV
Regurgitant volume	for MV volume: RV(MR) = SV(MV)-SV(AV) for AV volume: RV(AI) = SV(AV)-SV(MV)
Regurgitant fraction	RF(MR)= SV(MV)-SV(AV)/SV(MV
Shunt magnitude	Qp/Qs
Bernoulli equation	Change in pressure = 4V squared
Pressure half time	PHT = .29 x Dt
MVA	MVA = 220/PHT or MVA = 759/Dt