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RChapter 8 Section 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chromosome | In a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA |
| Histone | A type of protein molecule found in the chromosomes of eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells |
| Chromatid | One of the two strands of a chromosome that become visible during meiosis or mitosis |
| Centromere | The region of the chromosome that holds the two sister chromatids together during mitosis |
| Chromatin | A portion of the cell nucleus made up of DNA and proteins; it is the carrier of the genes in inheritance |
| Sex Chromosome | One of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual |
| Autosome | Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome |
| Homologuous Chromosome | Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes, that have the same structure, and that pair during meiosis |
| Karyotype | An array of the chromosomes found in an individual’s cells at metaphase of mitosis and arranged in homologous pairs and in order of diminishing size |
| Diploid | A cell that contains two haploid sets of chromosomes |
| Haploid | Describes a cell, nucleus, or organism that has only one set of unpaired chromosomes |