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Essentials of Bio 1
Essentials of bio exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the relationship between genes and chromosomes? | E) A chromosome is a DNA molecule with many genes. |
| What is the relationship between genes and genome? | B) The genome means the entire collection of genes. |
| What type of cell molecules form cartilage and hair, can be hormones or transporters, and act as enzymes? | C) proteins |
| The number of genes in the human genome is estimated to be | 30,000. |
| 11) What would happen to an undernourished cell that had insufficient amino acids? | A shortage of proteins would interfere with the cell's normal functioning. |
| All of the following are examples or functions of cell proteins EXCEPT A) communication (receptors). B) information storage. C) enzymes. D) transport. E) hormones (some). | B information storage |
| CORRECT about the frequency of mitosis. B) Some cells, like leaf cells, cease to divide after mature size is reached. C) Bone marrow cells are an example of cells that cease to divide after maturity. E) Somatic cells divide continually. | Answer: B |
| When does DNA replication take place? A) during mitosis B) continually throughout the cell cycle C) during cytokinesis D) before a cell divides E) only during G1 | D) before a cell divides |
| What is/are the function(s) of cell division? A) make more organisms in single-celled organisms B) keep cell size small as multicellular organisms grow C) make more cells in a multicellular organism D) All of the above. | D) All of the above. |
| If a cell with 2 nuclei was discovered, which of the explanations below would be true? A) Mitosis occurred without cytokinesis. B) The cell remained in interphase continuously. C) Meiosis and mitosis both occurred. D) Cytokinesis w/out mitosis | A) Mitosis occurred without cytokinesis. |
| Which below best describes a difference between a chromosome and a gene? A) A chromosome and a gene are identical. B) A gene is one section of a chromosome, and a chromosome may carry many genes. C) A gene is larger than a chromosome. | B) A gene is one section of a chromosome, and a chromosome may carry many genes. |
| What is the relationship between DNA and chromatin? | D) Chromatin is the combination of DNA packaged around proteins. |
| During S phase, chromosomes are converted to what form? A) karyotypes B) sister chromatids C) chromatin D) centrosomes E) homologous chromosomes | B) sister chromatids |
| Normal cell operations and growth occur during the "gap" period called A) G3. B) M. C) S. D) G1. E) G2. | Answer: D |
| Normal cell operations and growth occur during the "gap" period called A) G3. B) M. C) S. D) G1. E) G2. | D) G1. |
| Which statement is TRUE about homologous chromosomes? A) They include the two X chromosomes in a female. B) They are duplicated chromosomes that have not yet been separated. D) They include the X and Y chromosomes in a male. | A) They include the two X chromosomes in a female. |
| In cell division, when are mitochondria, lysosomes, ribosomes and other cytosolic cell components divided? A) mitosis B) S C) G2 D) cytokinesis E) G15 | D) cytokinesis |
| Why do karyotypes always show metaphase chromosomes? | D) The chromosomes are fully condensed during metaphase. |
| A liver cell from a human male has 22 pairs of autosomes, an X and a Y chromosome. B) 22 pairs of autosomes and two X chromosomes. C) 46 pairs of autosomes, an X and a Y chromosome. D) 23 pairs of autosomes and two X chromosomes. | A) 22 pairs of autosomes, an X and a Y chromosome. |
| hat is chromatin? C) a single strand of DNA that will be a template in replication D) the cell center for organizing microtubules E) a combination of uncondensed DNA and the protein around which it is wrapped | E) a combination of uncondensed DNA and the protein around which it is wrapped |
| In a typical animal cell, the cell cycle phase that is longest is A) G1. B) G2. C) M. D) S. | A) G1. |
| A single cell is selected from a randomly dividing population of animal cells. Probability is highest that this cell is in A) M. B) G1. C) G2. D) S. | B) G1. |
| What is being separated during anaphase of mitosis? A) plasma membranes B) sister chromatids C) nuclear membranes D) cytoplasm E) centrosomes | B) sister chromatids |
| Which cell structure physically moves the cell's chromosomes? A) the plasma membrane B) the cell wall C) the microtubule spindle D) the contractile ring E) the cell plate | C the microtubule spindle |
| If a cell contains 20 chromosomes, how many chromatids will be present during prophase? A) 30 B) 20 C) 5 D) 40 E) 10 | Answer: D |
| Some anti-cancer chemotherapy agents interfere with microtubules. How do they work? | They inhibit the mitotic spindle and prevent cell division. |
| During metaphase, chromosomes that are attached to microtubules are observed to undergo a "back-and-forth" movement. What is happening during this movement? | C) The chromosomes are being aligned at the equator of the cell. |
| What event typically begins in anaphase and is completed by the end of telophase? | E) cytokinesis |
| Which agent or treatment would allow a cell to proceed from G1 to metaphase, and then arrest cell division at metaphase? | E) a chemical that disassembles the spindle once it has formed |
| What would be the result of an error in anaphase that failed to separate a pair of sister chromatids? | C) One cell would have an extra chromosome, and one cell would lack a chromosome. |
| How many nuclear membranes must form when a single dividing cell reaches telophase? A) four B) one for each individual chromosome C) two D) one for each pair of chromosomes E) one | C) two |
| What cell cycle structure would be found in animal cells but not plant cells? A) sister chromatids B) mitotic spindle C) metaphase plate D) contractile ring | D) contractile ring |
| Which of the following might act to inhibit cancer growth in humans? D) an increase in the cell's concentration of the ACGT bases E) a chemical that inhibits microtubule formation | E) a chemical that inhibits microtubule formation |
| What kind of proteins make up the mitotic spindle? A) microtubules B) chromatids C) kinases D) chromatin | A microtubules |
| A cell is observed under the microscope. What feature will indicate that it has just reached the end of interphase? D) two well-defined nuclear membranes E) chromosomes that are becoming well-defined and visible | l-defined nuclear membranes E) chromosomes that are becoming well-defined and visible |
| A cell is observed under the microscope. What feature will indicate that it is in anaphase? | E) Sister chromatids are separating. |
| If a 2n cell with 16 chromosomes undergoes mitosis, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have? A) 8 B) 4 C) 32 D) 16 E) 64 | D) 16 |
| 48) What would happen if the cell cycle proceeded normally, except that cytokinesis did not occur? | ) A large cell with multiple nuclei would result. |
| Looking under a microscope, you see 2 neighboring daughter cells. One of the cells has 3 chromosomes, the other has 5. The diploid # of chromosomes in this type of cell is 4. What could be the reason for the different number of chromosomes in the cells? | The division of sister chromatids of one chromosome did not occur properly during mitosis. |
| You are a contestant on the local biology quiz show and the $10,000 question is "How do you tell when a cell is undergoing division?" The correct answer would be that | B) the DNA is visible in chromosomes. |
| Is this statement true or false? C) Chromosomes separate during anaphase due to the interaction of polar microtubules from opposite poles pushing against each other. | False |
| Why is prokaryotic cell division different from eukaryotic cell division? . B) Prokaryotic cells have no plasma membrane. D) Prokaryotic cells dont duplicate their DNA first. E) Prokaryotic cells have 1 chromosome and no nuclear membrane. | E) Prokaryotic cells have 1 chromosome and no nuclear membrane. |
| Which types of cells divide by mitosis and cytokinesis? A) somatic animal cells, but not plant cells B) prokaryotic and animal cells, but not plant cells C) plant cells, but not animal cells D) somatic animal cells, but not prokaryotic cells | D) somatic animal cells, but not prokaryotic cells |
| What is one of the similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell division? A) DNA is unwound and duplicated by the same process. B) Microtubules separate the chromosomes. C) One cell divides into four cells. | A DNA is unwound and duplicated by the same process |
| Which statement is TRUE about binary fission? A) It occurs during S phase of the cell cycle. B) It is the cell division process of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. C) It is the cell division process of prokaryotic cells. | C it is the cell division process of prokaryotic cells. |
| Fungi (such as mushrooms) are organisms with nuclei and cell walls. You would expect their cell cycle to be most like which of the following organisms? A) animals B) plants C) bacteria | B) Plants |
| Because cancer is unrestrained cell division, cancer research today focuses mainly on the topic of A) replication of DNA. B) the sequences of bases in the human genes. C) control of the cell cycle. D) cytokinesis. | C) control of the cell cycle |
| ) Cancer is caused by unrestrained division of cells. The best way to control cancer is to study the mechanism of the A) cell cycle. B) environmental system which may cause cancer. C) cell communication system. | A) cell cycle. |
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rachella333
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