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Radiation Ch 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Absorbed Dose | The amount of energy deposited in any form of matter any type of radiation. |
| Absorption | The process in which radiation imparts some or all of its energy to any material through which it passes. |
| Alpha Particle | A common form of particulate radiation, containing two 2 protons and 2 neutrons and are positively charged. |
| Angstrom(A) | A unit of measurement that describes the wavelengths of certain high frequency radiation. One angstrom (AU or A) measures 1/100,000,000 of a centimeter. |
| Atom | The smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element. |
| Atomic Number | The total number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. Also called Z number. |
| Atomic Weight | The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. Also called A number or Mass number. |
| Background Radiation | Ionizing radiation that is always present. |
| Beta Particle | A form of particulate radiation. High-speed negative electrons. |
| Binding Energy | The internal energy within the atom that holds it components together. |
| Characteristic Radiation | A form of radiation originating from and atom following removal of an electron or excitation of the atom. |
| Coherent Scattering | Radiation that is scattered when a low-energy x-ray passes near an atom's outer electron. |
| Compton Effect (Scattering) | An absorption process for x- gamma radiation in which a photon interacts with an orbital electron or an atom to form a displaced electron and a scattered photon (x-ray)of reduced energy. |
| Coulombs Per Kilogram (C/kg) | Systeme Internationale unit for measuring exposure. |
| Decay | The radioactive disintegration of the nucleus of an unstable atom by the emission of particles, photons of energy, or both. |
| Dose | The amount of absorbed radiation in grays or rads at any given point. |
| Dose Equivalent | Compares biological effects of various types of radiation. The product of the absorbed dose times a biological effect qualifying factor. |
| Electromagnetic Radiation | Forms of energy propelled by wave motion as photons. a combination of electric and magnetic energy. Has no charge, mass, or weight and travels at the speed of light. Differs in wavelength and frequency. |
| Electromagnetic Spectrum | Types of electromagnetic energies arranged in diagrammatic form on a chart.The longer wavelengths are measured in meters and and the shorter ones in centimeters or angstroms. |
| Electron | A small negatively charged particle of the atom containing much energy and little mass. |
| Element | A simple substance that cannot be decomposed by chemical means |
| Energy | The ability to do work and overcome resistance. |
| Energy Levels | Energy shells or orbits. Denoting spherical levels containing the electrons of the atom. |
| Exposure | A measure of ionization produced in air by x- or gamma radiation. |
| Frequency | The number of crests of a wavelength passing a given point per second. |
| Gamma Rays | A form of electromagnetic radiation with properties identical to x-rays, usually produced spontaneously in the form of emission from radioactive substances. |
| General/Bremsstrahlung Radiation | The stopping or slowing of the electrons of the cathode stream as they collide with the nuclei of the large target atoms. |
| Gray(Gy) | Systeme Internationale unit for measuring absorbed dose. 1 GY= 100 rads; 1,000 milligrays= 1 Gy |
| Hard Radiation | Rays of high energy and extremely short wavelengths. Essential for dental radiography. |
| Ion | An electrically charged particle, either negative or positive. |
| Ion Pair | A pair of ions, one positive and one negative. |
| Ionizing Radiation | Radiation that is capable of producing ions. |
| Ionization | The formation of ion pairs. |
| Isotope | Alternate form of an element, having the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons inside the nucleus. Many isotopes are radioactive. |
| Kinetic Energy | Energy possessed by a mass because of its motion. |
| Molecule | Chemical combination of two or more atoms that forms the smallest particle of a substance that retains the properties of that substance. |
| Neutron | One form of particulate radiation or subatomic particle. Has no electric charge and has about the same mass as a proton. |
| Photoelectric Effect | A process for x- and gamma radiation in which a photon interacts with an orbital electron of an atom. All of the energy of the photon is absorbed by the displaced electron in the form of kinetic energy. |
| Photon | A quantum of energy. Both x-rays and gamma rays are photons. |
| Rad | Traditional unit for measuring absorbed dose. 100 rads= 1 gray(Gy). 1 rad= 0.01 Gy. 1,000 millirads= 1 rad |
| Radiation | The emission and propagation of energy through space or through a material medium in the form of electromagnetic waves, corpuscular emissions, or rays of mixed and unknown types. |
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