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nerve system biotest
7th hour biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What supports the body, protects vital organs, stores minerals, and movement? | The skeletal/muscular system |
| What detects stimuli, transmits information to generate a reaction? | The nervous/sensory system |
| What is a system to take in oxygen, pass it to cells, collect C02, and removes it from the body? | The cardiovascular/respiratory system |
| What collects liquid waste and removes it from the body? | The excretory system |
| What creates and transports hormones? | The endocrine system |
| What is the system to create and allow passages of gametes, and to provide a protective environment for a developing fetus? | The reproductive system |
| What allows you to break down foods, absorb nutrients, and prepare solid waste for removal from the body? | The digestive system |
| What connects muscle to the bone? | Tendons |
| What attaches one bone to another? | Ligaments |
| What contains blood so the oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood does not mix | Arteries and veins |
| What filters waste from the body? | Kidney |
| What is the tube that allows urine to flow from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body? | Urethra |
| What produces growth hormones and other control hormones? | Pituitary Gland |
| What produces estrogen and progesterone? | Ovary |
| What transports ovum? | Fallopian tube |
| What is the transport of sperm? | Penis |
| What stores bile? | Gall bladder |
| What absorbs nutrients from newly digested food? | Small intestine |
| What condenses and transports waste to the anus? | Rectum |
| How do single celled organisms interact with their environment? | Chemical diffusion |
| What is a neuron? | Single celled organisms react to chemicals that bind with receptor proteins on their plasma membranes |
| What two things make up nervous tissue? | Neurons and supporting cells |
| What is the purpose of myelin sheathing? | It allows the impulse to travel along the axon more efficiently. |
| What is the name for the electrical signals transmitted by the neurons? | Nerve impulses |
| What are nerve impulses responsible for in humans? | Movement, perception, thought, emotions, and learning |
| What extends from the cell body like an antennae? | Dendrites |
| What contains the nucleus and most of the organelles? | Cell body |
| What is a long membrane-covered extension of cytoplasm? | Axon |
| What reaches out to other cells? | Axon terminals |
| What specific cells create the myelin sheathing in the peripheral nervous system? | Schwann cells |
| What is the gap between myelin cells? | Nodes of Ranvier |
| Which side of a cell membrane is more negatively charged? Which side is more positively charged? | The outside is more positive, inside is more negative. |
| What is membrane potential? | A cell membrane's inner surface has a different electrical charge then the outside surface of the cell |
| What factors determine the direction of ion movement across a cell membrane? | Concentration of ions, ability of ions to move across the membrane, electrical charge of the ions |
| Membrane potential is described using what unit of measurement? | Voltage |
| What is the function of ion channels in a cell? | Allow charged particles to pass through the cell membrane |
| What is a resting membrane potential? | When a neutron is not transmitting an impulse |
| What is an action potential? | When a neutron is not transmitting an impulse |
| What happens to the electrical charge on either side of a cell membrane during an action potential? | The inside of the cell membrane becomes more positive then the outside |
| What is resting potential? | -70mV |
| Name the active transport mechanism that is responsible for maintaining the proper number of ions on each side of the membrane. | Sodium-Potassium pump |
| What is a synapse? | The axon terminal of one cell gets very close to another cell at a point |
| Does a nerve cell come in direct contact with the next cell in line, or does it just get very close to it? | Comes very close |
| What is the name for the chemicals that are released by the axon terminals? | Neurotransmitters |
| What is the function of Acetylcholine? | Used in the muscles |
| What is the function of Glutamate? | Used in the brain |
| What is the function of Norephinephrine and Endorphins? | Block pain signals |
| What is the difference between and excitatory reaction and inhibitory reaction on a receiving cell? | Excitatory causes a new action potential created and an inhibitory reaction does not cause a new action potential to be created |
| What are parts of the central nervous system? | Brain and spinal chord; control center |
| What are the parts of the peripheral nervous system? | Sensory and motor neurons; sensory neurons send information from the sense organs to the CNS |
| Which of these two systems interprets and responds to information from the environment and inside the body? | Central |
| How many neurons does the brain contain? | 100 billion |
Created by:
ostiens97
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