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Chp. 4 sdavidson

Active and passive transport

QuestionAnswer
What happens when a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution? Water will move into the cell, causing the cell to swell, it may even cause it to bursts.
What happens when a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution? Water will leave the cell, causing it to shrink and shrivel
What’s the main difference between active and passive transport? Passive transport is the movement of materials from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, requires no energy. Active transport is the movement of materials from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
List an example of active transport. It happens in human nerve cells. The sodium potassium pump moves sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell.
List the types of passive transport. Diffusion, osmois, and facilitated transport.
Why is the plasma membrane considered semipermeable? Only some molecules can move through the membrane, and some have to be moved through vesicle formation.
What is the process where a cell engulfs a macromolecule, forming a vesicle? Endocytosis.
What is diffusion? the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Explain the results of a sodium-potassium pump working across a membrane. Sodium moves out of the cell and potassium moves into it
Does facilitated transport move a substance down or up a gradient? Down a gradient.
What is the energy-capturing stage of photosynthesis? Light reactions
What are the products of the light reactions? Energy in the form of ATP carried by the NADPH to the next cycle, the Calvin Cycle.
What are the ATP and NADPH from the light reactions used for? ATP is simply a energy carrier for reactions to take place in the light dependent stages of photosynthesis to take place. NADPH carriers ions to different stages of the chemical reactions.
Where does the oxygen released by photosynthesis come from? Oxygen is the byproduct of photosynthesis and is released into the atmosphere through the stomata.
What happens to the glucose produced from photosynthesis? It's used as energy for the plant and also used in respiration. Some of it can be converted into starch for storage and can be used later.
Describe the structures of the chloroplast where photosynthesis takes place. Chlorophyll is the green pigment and helps to get solar energy. Thylakoids flattened sacs that are formed by the inner membranes. Stroma is fluid in the chloroplast interior space and is surrounds the thylakoids.
What is the significance of the electron transport chain? They carry electrons through the photosynthesis process.
What are the reactants required for photosynthesis? H2O(water) CO2(carbon dioxide) and the energy from the sun
What are the products of photosynthesis? C6H12O6(glucose) and O2(atmospheric oxygen)
What are the products of alcoholic fermentation? The pruducts of alcoholic fermentation is wine.
What is the metabolic process where glucose is ultimately converted to two molecules of pyruvate? Glycolysis.
Why do your muscles get sore after vigorous exercise? Lactate acids builds up in you muscles during strenuous exercise because oxygen can't get to the cells being used fast enough.
What is the purpose of fermentation? Recycle the NAD+ so that is can be reused in the glycolysis process.
Where does the citric acid cycle take place? It occurs in the mitochondria.
Write the chemical reaction for the overall process of cellular respiration. C6H12O6+6O2----->6CO2+6H2O
Which is more efficient, aerobic or anaerobic cellular respiration? Aerobic cellular respiration.
What are the important electron-accepting enzymes in cellular respiration? NAD+.
What is chemiosmosis? It's the movement of ions across the cell membrane, down their electrochemical gradient.
Created by: smartypants101
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