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Ch 6 terms
photosynthesis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| autotroph | an organism that produces its own nutrients from inorganic substances or from the environment instead of consuming other organisms |
| photosynthesis | the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce carbohydrates and oxygen |
| heterotroph | an organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their byproducts and that cannot synthesize organic compounds from inorganic materials |
| light reaction | the initial reactions in photosynthesis |
| calvin cycle | a biochemical pathway of photosynthesis in which carbon dioxide is converted into glucose using ATP |
| chloroplasts | an organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs |
| thylakoid | a membrane system found within chloroplasts that contains the components for photosynthesis |
| grana | thick stacks of thylakoids |
| stroma | a solution that surrounds the grana |
| pigments | a substance that gives another substance or a mixture its color and absorbs light. |
| chlorophyll | a green pigment that is present in most plant cells, that gives plants their characteristic green color, and that reacts with sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to form carbohydrates |
| carotenoid | a class of pigments that are present mostly in plants and that aid in photosynthesis |
| primary electron acceptor | the acceptor of electrons lost by chlorophyll a |
| electron trasnport chain | a series of molecules, found in the inner membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts, through which electrons pass in a process that causes protons to build up on one side of the membrane |
| chemiosmosis | in chloroplasts and mitochondria, a process in which the movement of protons down their concentration gradient across a membrane is coupled to the synthesis of ATP |
| calvin cycle | a biochemical pathway of photosynthesis in which carbon dioxide is converted into glucose using ATP |
| carbon fixation | the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide, such as in photosynthesis |
| stomata | one of many openings in a leaf or a stem of a plant that enable gas exchange to occur |
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harrisa15
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