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Biology Chapter 14

Final Review

QuestionAnswer
Karyotype photograph of cells during mitosis arranged in pairs
Autosomes all chromosomes except sex chromosomes
Human chromosome structure contain protein and a single, double stranded DNA molecule
Pedigree chart shows relationships in a family
Why are some obvious human traits not able to be associated with one gene many single traits are polygenic, some traits are only partially governed by ganetics (environmental/nongenetic factors)
Why is it difficult to study human genetics? Long generation times, complex life cycle, produce few offspring
Human blood group genes Rh is determined by 1 gene. 2 blood groups: ABo and Rh.
Tay-Sachs nervous system breakdown recessive
Achondroplasia dwarfism caused by dominant allele
Phenylketonuria PKU buildup of phenylalanine caused by recessive
Huntington's Progressive loss of msucle control and mental function dominant
Sickle cell disease's cause a change in just one DNA base that codes for the protein hemoglobin
What makes a protein dominant, recessive , or codominant the nature of a gene's protein product and its role in the cell
Sex linked genes genes on sex chromosomes
Y chromosome contains a few genes
Colorblindness defective version of 1 of 3 genes on x chromosome
Hemophelia recessive allele in 1 of 2 genes resulting in a missing protein required for normal blood clotting
Duchene Muscular Dystrophy defective version of gene that codes for muscle protein
All x linked alleles are expressed in males, even if they are recessive b/c they only have 1 x chromosome
The cell adjusts to an extra x chromosome by switching one off randomly
Barr body dense region in the nucleus formed when one of a female's x chromosomes is off
Nondisjunction homologous chromosomes fail to separate
Trisomy 3 copies of a chromosome
Down sindrome 3 copies of chromosome 21
Genotype XO (Turner's) female inherited only 1 chromosome and is sterile
Klinefelters males with genotype XXY
XYY psycho
Created by: numchuckskillz
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